Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 9, Problem 28E
At the end of the section on the lunar surface, your authors say that lunar night and day each last about two Earth weeks. After looking over the information in Earth, Moon, and Sky and this chapter about the motions of the Moon, can you explain why? (It helps to draw a diagram for yourself.)
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(a) Explain the relative positions of the Earth, Sun, and Moon during a solar eclipse?
(b) Explain the relative positions of the Earth, Sun, and Moon during a lunar eclipse?
(c) Does a solar eclipse occur during a full moon, a new moon, or a quarter moon?
(d) Does a lunar eclipse occur during a full moon, a new moon, or a quarter moon?
(e) What is the name of the total shadow during a solar eclipse?
() What is the name of the partial shadow during a solar ecipse?
Question 1(a). Name the "Bay" or "Sinus" located at lunar latitude 44.1 degrees north latitude and 31.5 degrees west longitude.
Question 1(b). A large, flat area of the Moon is known as a “sea" (or "mare" in Latin). In which hemisphere, north or south, are most of the Moon's seas located?
Question 1(c). In which hemisphere, north or south, are most of the Moon's rough, highly cratered "highlands" located?
There are 12 lunar months in a lunar calendar. The numbers of days of the lunar months differ by at most one day. The average number of days of a lunar month is approximately equal to the period of the lunar phase cycle. One year in a solar calendar is approximately equal to the period of the cycle of seasons. Which of the following can roughly keep a lunar calendar synchronized with a solar calendar?
a) Adding a thirteenth lunar month to 7 out of every 19 years.
b) Adding an extra day every 4 years.
c) Having an extra month with 5 days each year.
d) Skipping a lunar month every 7 out of 19 years.
Chapter 9 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 9 - What is the composition of the Moon, and how does...Ch. 9 - Why does the Moon not have an atmosphere?Ch. 9 - What are the principal features of the Moon...Ch. 9 - Frozen water exists on the lunar surface primarily...Ch. 9 - Outline the main events in the Moon’s geological...Ch. 9 - What are the maria composed of? Is this material...Ch. 9 - The mountains on the Moon were formed by what...Ch. 9 - With no wind or water erosion of rocks, what is...Ch. 9 - What differences did Grove K. Gilbert note between...Ch. 9 - Explain how high-speed impacts form circular...
Ch. 9 - Explain the evidence for a period of heavy...Ch. 9 - How did our exploration of the Moon differ from...Ch. 9 - Summarize the four main hypotheses for the origin...Ch. 9 - What are the difficulties with the capture...Ch. 9 - What is the main consequence of Mercury’s orbit...Ch. 9 - Describe the basic internal structure of Mercury.Ch. 9 - How was the rotation rate of Mercury determined?Ch. 9 - What is the relationship between Mercury’s...Ch. 9 - The features of Mercury are named in honor of...Ch. 9 - What do our current ideas about the origins of the...Ch. 9 - One of the primary scientific objectives of the...Ch. 9 - Apollo astronaut David Scott dropped a hammer and...Ch. 9 - Galileo thought the lunar maria might be seas of...Ch. 9 - Why did it take so long for geologists to...Ch. 9 - How might a crater made by the impact of a comet...Ch. 9 - Why are the lunar mountains smoothly rounded...Ch. 9 - The lunar highlands have about ten times more...Ch. 9 - At the end of the section on the lunar surface,...Ch. 9 - Give several reasons Mercury would be a...Ch. 9 - If, in the remote future, we establish a base on...Ch. 9 - The Moon has too little iron, Mercury too much....Ch. 9 - In the future, astronomers discover a solid moon...Ch. 9 - The Moon was once closer to Earth than it is now....Ch. 9 - Astronomers believe that the deposit of lava in...Ch. 9 - The Moon requires about 1 month (0.08 year) to...
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- Which is the phase of Venus when it is closest? Which when farthest? How do you know?arrow_forwardConsider a calendar based entirely on the day and the month (the Moon’s period from full phase to full phase). How many days are there in a month? Can you figure out a scheme analogous to leap year to make this calendar work?arrow_forwardCalculate the Roche limit of the Earth-Moon system.arrow_forward
- Use the small-angle formula to calculate the angular diameter (in arc minutes) of Mars (d = 6.79 ✕ 103 km) as seen from Earth if Mars were at the location of the Sun (D = 1.5 ✕ 108 km).arrow_forwardWhy are the lunar mountains smoothly rounded rather than having sharp, pointed peaks (as they were almost always depicted in science-fiction illustrations and films before the first lunar landings)?arrow_forwardSummarize the four main hypotheses for the origin of the Moon.arrow_forward
- The lunar highlands have about ten times more craters in a given area than do the maria. Does this mean that the highlands are 10 times older? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardAgain using Appendix F, which planets might you expect to have extreme seasons? Whyarrow_forwardWhat fraction of the Moons surface area is the far side? Of the near side of a third-quarter moon, what fraction is dark? What fraction of the far side is in the dark that cannot be seen by an observer from Earth viewing the Moon in its third-quarter phase?arrow_forward
- When you step from the shade into the sunlight, the Sun’s heat is as evident as the heat from hot coals in a fireplace in an otherwise cold room. You feel the Sun’s heat not because of its high temperature (higher temperatures can be found in some welder’s torches), but because the Sun is big. Which do you estimate is larger, the Sun’s radius or the distance between the Moon and Earth? Check your answer in the list of physical data on the inside back cover. Do you find your answer surprising?arrow_forwardA)At what altitude would a geostationary sattelite need to be above the surface of Mars? Assume the mass of Mars is 6.39 x 1023 kg, the length of a martian solar day is 24 hours 39minutes 35seconds, the length of the sidereal day is 24hours 37minutes 22seconds, and the equatorial radius is 3396 km. The answer can be calculated using Newton's verison of Kepler's third law.arrow_forwardBased on this graph, what is the approximate speed of Venus in Km/s? Estimate the answer as accurately as you can.arrow_forward
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