Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781285199030
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 8, Problem 47QAP

Calculate the percent by mass of the element listed first in the formulas for each of the following compounds.

methane, CH 4

sodium nitrate, NaNO 3

carbon monoxide, CO

nitrogen dioxide, NO 2

1-octanol, C 8 H 18 O

calcium phosphate, Ca 3 ( PO 4 ) 2

3-phenyiphenol, C 12 H 10 O

aluminum acetate, Al ( C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 3

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Thepercent by mass of element listed first in the formula of a compound should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical compound is a collection of several atoms. Molar masses of each atom collectively provide the molar mass of that compound.

mass fraction for a given element =mass of the element present in 1 mole of compoundmass of 1 mole of compound

Mass fraction for a given element can be converted into mass percent by multiplying 100%..

Answer to Problem 47QAP

Methane, CH4  C % =74.88%.

Explanation of Solution

A chemical compound is a collection of several atoms. Molar masses of each and every atom collectively provide the molar mass of that compound.

mass fraction for a given element =mass of the element present in 1 mole of compoundmass of 1 mole of compound

Mass fraction for a given element can be converted into mass percent by multiplying 100%.

Methane, CH4  C % =

Mass of 1 mol of C =1 × 12.01 g = 12.01 g

Mass of 4 mol of H = 4 × 1.008 g =  4.032 g

Mass of 1 mol of CH4= 12.01+ 4.032 = 16.04 g

Molar mass of CH4= 16.04 g mol-1

Mass of the carbon present in 1 mol of compound = 1 mol × 12.01 g1 mol=12.01 g

Mass percent of C = 12.01 g C  16.04 g CH4×100%=74.88%__.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The percent by mass of element listed first in the formula of a compound should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical compound is a collection of several atoms. Molar masses of each atom collectively provide the molar mass of that compound.

mass fraction for a given element =mass of the element present in 1 mole of compoundmass of 1 mole of compound

Mass fraction for a given element can be converted into mass percent by multiplying 100%..

Answer to Problem 47QAP

Sodium nitrate, NaNO3 Na % = 27.05%.

Explanation of Solution

Sodium nitrate,  NaNO3  Na % =

Mass of 1 mol of  Na=1 × 23.0 g = 23.0 g

Mass of 1 mol of N = 1 × 14.01 g =  14.01 g

Mass of 3 mol of  O = 3 × 16.00 g =  48.00 g

Mass of 1 mol of NaNO3= 23.0+14.01+48.00 = 85.01 g

Molar mass of NaNO3= 85.01 g mol-1

Mass of the sodium present in 1 mol of compound = 1 mol × 23.0 g1 mol=23.0 g

Mass percent of Na = 23.0 g Na  85.01 g NaNO3 ×100%=27.05%__.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The percent by mass of element listed first in the formula of a compound should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical compound is a collection of several atoms. Molar masses of each atom collectively provide the molar mass of that compound.

mass fraction for a given element =mass of the element present in 1 mole of compoundmass of 1 mole of compound

Mass fraction for a given element can be converted into mass percent by multiplying 100%..

Answer to Problem 47QAP

Carbon monoxide, , CO   C %  = 42.88%.

Explanation of Solution

Carbon monoxide, CO   C %  = 

Mass of 1 mol of  C=1 × 12.01 g = 12.01 g

Mass of 1 mol of O = 1 × 16.00 g =  16.00 g

Mass of 1 mol of CO = 12.01+16.00 = 28.01 g

Molar mass of CO = 28.01 g mol-1

Mass of the carbon present in 1 mol of compound = 1 mol × 12.01 g1 mol=12.01 g

Mass percent of C = 12.01 g C  28.01 g CO ×100%=42.88%__.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The percent by mass of element listed first in the formula of a compound should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical compound is a collection of several atoms. Molar masses of each atom collectively provide the molar mass of that compound.

mass fraction for a given element =mass of the element present in 1 mole of compoundmass of 1 mole of compound

Mass fraction for a given element can be converted into mass percent by multiplying 100%..

Answer to Problem 47QAP

Nitrogen dioxide, NO2  N % =  30.44%.

Explanation of Solution

Nitrogen dioxide,  NO2  N % =  

Mass of 1 mol of  N=1 × 14.01 g = 14.01 g

Mass of 2 mol of O = 2 × 16.00 g =  32.00 g

Mass of 1 mol of NO2 = 14.01+32.00 = 46.01 g

Molar mass of NO2= 46.01 g mol-1

Mass of the nitrogen present in 1 mol of compound = 1 mol × 14.01 g1 mol=14.01 g

Mass percent of N = 14.01 g N  46.01 g NO2 ×100%=30.44%__.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The percent by mass of element listed first in the formula of a compound should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical compound is a collection of several atoms. Molar masses of each atom collectively provide the molar mass of that compound.

mass fraction for a given element =mass of the element present in 1 mole of compoundmass of 1 mole of compound

Mass fraction for a given element can be converted into mass percent by multiplying 100%..

Answer to Problem 47QAP

1octanol, C8H18O  C %  =  73.76%.

Explanation of Solution

1octanol, C8H18O  C %  =  

Mass of 8 mol of  C=8 × 12.01 g = 96.08 g

Mass of 18 mol of H = 18 × 1.01 g =  18.18 g

Mass of 1 mol of  O = 1 × 16.00 g =  16.00 g

Mass of 1 mol of C8H18O= 96.08+18.18+16.00 = 130.26 g

Molar mass of C8H18O= 130.26 g mol-1

Mass of the carbon present in 1 mol of compound = 8 mol × 12.01 g1 mol=96.08 g

Mass percent of C = 96.08 g C 130.26 g C8H18O ×100%=73.76%__.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The percent by mass of element listed first in the formula of a compound should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical compound is a collection of several atoms. Molar masses of each atom collectively provide the molar mass of that compound.

mass fraction for a given element =mass of the element present in 1 mole of compoundmass of 1 mole of compound

Mass fraction for a given element can be converted into mass percent by multiplying 100%..

Answer to Problem 47QAP

Calcium phosphate, Ca3PO4   Ca % =55.87%.

Explanation of Solution

Calcium phosphate, Ca3PO4   Ca % =

Mass of 3 mol of  Ca=3 × 40.08 g = 120.24 g

Mass of 1 mol of  P = 1 × 30.97 g =  30.97 g

Mass of 4 mol of  O = 4 × 16.00 g =  64.00 g

Mass of 1 mol of Ca3PO4= 120.24+30.97+64.00 = 215.21 g

Molar mass of Ca3PO4= 215.21 g mol-1

Mass of the calcium present in 1 mol of compound = 3 mol × 40.08 g1 mol=120.24 g

Mass percent of Ca = 120.24 g Ca 215.21 g Ca3PO4 ×100%=55.87%__.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation:

The percent by mass of element listed first in the formula of a compound should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical compound is a collection of several atoms. Molar masses of each atom collectively provide the molar mass of that compound.

mass fraction for a given element =mass of the element present in 1 mole of compoundmass of 1 mole of compound

Mass fraction for a given element can be converted into mass percent by multiplying 100%..

Answer to Problem 47QAP

3phenylphenol, C12H10O   C % =84.67%.

Explanation of Solution

3phenylphenol, C12H10O   C % =

Mass of 12 mol of  C=12 × 12.01 g = 144.12 g

Mass of 10 mol of H = 10 × 1.01 g =  10.1 g

Mass of 1 mol of  O = 1 × 16.00 g =  16.00 g

Mass of 1 mol of C12H10O= 144.12+10.1+16.00 = 170.22 g

Molar mass of C12H10O= 170.22 g mol-1

Mass of the carbon present in 1 mol of compound = 12 mol × 12.01 g1 mol=144.12 g

Mass percent of C = 144.12 g C 170.22 g C12H10O ×100%=84.67%__.

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

(h)

Interpretation:

The percent by mass of element listed first in the formula of a compound should be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

A chemical compound is a collection of several atoms. Molar masses of each atom collectively provide the molar mass of that compound.

mass fraction for a given element =mass of the element present in 1 mole of compoundmass of 1 mole of compound

Mass fraction for a given element can be converted into mass percent by multiplying 100%..

Answer to Problem 47QAP

Aluminum acetate, Al(C2H3O2)3  Al % =13.19%.

Explanation of Solution

Aluminum acetate, Al(C2H3O2)3  Al % =

Mass of 1 mol of  Al=1 × 26.92 g = 26.92 g

Mass of 6 mol of C = 6 × 12.01 g =  72.06 g

Mass of 9 mol of H = 9 × 1.01 g =  9.09 g

Mass of 6 mol of  O = 6 × 16.00 g =  96.00 g

Mass of 1 mol of Al(C2H3O2)3 = 26.92+72.06+9.09+96.00 = 204.07 g

Molar mass of Al(C2H3O2)3 = 204.07 g mol-1

Mass of the aluminum present in 1 mol of compound = 1 mol × 26.92 g1 mol=26.92 g

Mass percent of Al = 26.92 g Al 204.07 g Al(C2H3O2)3  ×100%=13.19%__.

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Chapter 8 Solutions

Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation

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