Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Based on charge stability, the species A-G are to be ranked from the weakest base to the strongest base.
Concept introduction:
A negatively charged species is less stable than an uncharged species; hence a negatively charged species is more basic. A negative charge is more stable on a more electronegative atom; a positive charge is more stable on a less electronegative atom. Stability of species increases as the number of atoms on which a charge is shared increases. Electron-withdrawing groups stabilize the nearby negative charges but destabilize the nearby positive charges. Electron-donating groups stabilize the nearby positive charge but destabilize the nearby negative charges.
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Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
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