Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 6, Problem 10TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Aerobic respiration is the one that utilizes oxygen to generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate) using the three cycles of
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Which of the following statements about oxidative phosphorylation is correct?
O H+ ions are transferred from Complex I or Complex II to ATP synthase where ATP production occ
O Proton pumps transfer electrons from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix as electrons are tra
O The chemical and electrical gradient is established between the intermembrane space and the ma
electron carriers.
O ATP synthase pumps electrons back to the intermembrane space as a consequence of electrocher
mitochondrial matrix.
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ADP and inorganic phosphate are provided for oxidative phosphorylation via an:
ADP-ATP antiport and a proton-phosphate symport in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
ADP-ATP antiport and a proton-phosphate symport in the outer mitochondrial membrane.
O ADP-ATP antiport in the inner mitochondrial membrane and a phosphate uniport in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
ADP-phosphate symport in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
NADH and succinate are substrates that can be oxidized and will consume oxygen. Rotenone and cyanide are inhibitors of the electron transport chain and can block oxidation.
Match each description of the effector to the appropriate oxygen consumption. A plot may match more than one description. Some plots will not match any description. (At least one of the matches in the image was incorrect)
Chapter 6 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 6.1 - Which do you think has more entropy, an NaCl...Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 6.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 6.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 6.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 6.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 6.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 6.2 - An inhibitor raises the Km for an enzyme but has...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 6.3 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 6.3 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 6.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 6.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 6.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 6.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 6.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 6.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 6.6 - During the citric acid cycle, what happens to...Ch. 6.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 6.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 6.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 6.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 6.7 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 6.7 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 6.8 - Prob. 1CCCh. 6.8 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 6 - According to the second law of thermodynamics....Ch. 6 - Reactions that release free energy are exergonic....Ch. 6 - Prob. 3TYCh. 6 - Prob. 4TYCh. 6 - Prob. 5TYCh. 6 - Prob. 6TYCh. 6 - Prob. 7TYCh. 6 - Prob. 8TYCh. 6 - Prob. 9TYCh. 6 - Prob. 10TYCh. 6 - Describe the mechanism and purpose of feedback...Ch. 6 - What causes the rotation of the y subunit of ATP...Ch. 6 - PRINCIPLES A principle of biology is that living...Ch. 6 - Discuss how life can maintain its order in spite...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- In the presence of excess oxygen, a complete oxidation of seven molecules of glucose into carbon dioxide and water, by a yeast cell, would produce approximately ATP molecules via oxidative phosphorylation only. (Consider NADH = 3 ATP and FADH2 = 2 ATP)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning oxidative phosphorylation is false? Group of answer choices: The electron transport chain generates an electrochemical gradient that drives the production of ATP. ATP synthase with fewer subunits in its c ring will produce more ATP per proton. A “loose” β subunit of ATP synthase becomes a “tight” site as it produces ATP. When the supply of NADH and QH2 (ubiquinol) decreases, ATP synthase produces more ATP.arrow_forwardThere are some drugs that can inhibit the activity of ATP synthase. How does this affect the pH of the inner membrane space and the mitochondrial matrix?arrow_forward
- Referring to the figure below, explain why NADH yields more ATP than FADH2 does. Electron-transport and proton pump Oxidative phosphorylation Outer mitochondrial membrane H* -Intermembrane H+ H+ H+ space H* H+ H+ Cytochrome c H+ COQH, CoQ UU COQH2 CoQ JU U Inner mitochondrial membrane Ht e ATPase Complex II Complex II Complex IV Complex e ADP +P - Mitochondrial matrix NADH NAD+ FADH2 FAD АТР H+ -H+ H+ H20arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is FALSE regarding oxidative phosphorylation? The pH is higher in the matrix relative to that in the inter-membrane space. A large positive difference in reduction potential is associated with a small negative free energy change. Electrons from FADH2 enter at complex II because the reduction potential of FADH2 is greater than that of redox centers in complex I. Oxidation and phosphorylation are coupled via a proton gradient.arrow_forwardWhere is ATP produced by oxidative phosphorylation? (where is it located immediately after the moment of synthesis) Group of answer choices the mitochondrial matrix the cytoplasm the intermembrane space the inner mitochondrial membrane Which of the following most readily donates electrons? (strongest reducing agent) Group of answer choices NADH NAD+ Ubiquinone lactate Protons first enter ATP synthase through which subunit? Group of answer choices β c γ aarrow_forward
- DCCD (diocyclohexylcarbodiimide) inhibits oxidative phosphorylation when the substrate is mitochondrial NADH. DCCD is a drug that binds to ATP synthase and blocks proton transport through the ion channel. a) Explain what the consequences of DCCD on cellular energy production are. b) Suggest at least one other cellular effect of DCCD and explain this effect.arrow_forwardIn the 1930s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after some patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. Chemical agents that cause this effect are called uncouplers. Explain how this could cause weight loss and also death. Considering the danger, is there any use for compounds like DNP or other uncouplers?arrow_forwardThe majority of ATP production in aerobic cellular respiration occurs within the mitochondria during electron transport. In this phase of cellular respiration, NADH and FADH, are oxidized to become NAD+ and FAD+. The protons and electrons released during this axidation are used to establisha chemiosmotic gradient in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. The potential established by this gradient is used to convert mechanical energy into the chemical energy needed to join an inorganic phosphate on to ADP, thus creating ATP. Mitochondrial DNA Lamela er membrane Inner boundary membrane - Cristal membrane Matrin- Cristae Matrix granule Ribosome ATP synthase Intermembrane space Intracristal space Peripheral space Outer membrane Parins Mitochondrion structure by Kelvin13 (CC BY-SA 3.0) Outer membrane Cyt e ATP Synthase NADH NAD+H ATP Citric ADP acid cycle Matrix Suecinate Fumee Inner membrane Intermembrane space Mitochondrial electron transport chain by Fvasconcello (CCO) a. Analyze why…arrow_forward
- Fill in the bold using the table. Because the inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to L, when there is an excess of mitochondrial L, it converts to M using a TCA condensation reaction, M crosses to the cytosol using a designated transport system. In the cytosol, M reconverts to L and oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is subsequently converted to malate with simultaneous production of N, a prerequisite cofactor for the glycolysis pathway. This reaction is then followed by conversion of N to pyruvate which produces O, a prerequisite cofactor for the fatty acid synthesis pathway. L M N O A. ATP pyruvate malate NADPH B. ATP citrate ATP NAD+ C. acetyl CoA pyruvate NAD+ NADH D. acetyl CoA citrate NAD+ NADPH E. glucose pyruvate malate NADP+arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is FALSE regarding oxidative phosphorylation? Oxidation and phosphorylation are coupled via a proton gradient. A large positive difference in reduction potential is associated with a small negative free energy change. Electrons from FADH2 enter at complex II because the reduction potential of FADH2 is greater than that of redox centers in complex I. The pH is higher in the matrix relative to that in the inter-membrane space.arrow_forwardIn the 1930s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after some patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+ . Explain how this could cause weight loss and death.arrow_forward
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