Life: The Science of Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319010164
Author: David E. Sadava, David M. Hillis, H. Craig Heller, Sally D. Hacker
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 44.2, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The reason due to, which the Goldman equation is able to produce a more reliable calculation of resting membrane potential as compared to the Nernst equation.
Introduction:
The resting membrane potential is maintained by the efflux of potassium ions (K+) and the influx of the sodium ions (Na+) inside the cell with the help of the sodium-potassium pump. The concentration of the K+ across the membrane is calculated once equilibrium is established between them. This is calculated by using Nernst equation. The Goldman equation, however, also involves the following:
All ions, which are capable of crossing the membrane.
The relative permeability provided by the membrane to all the ions.
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What is the equilibrium membrane potential due to Na+ ions if the extracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 154 mM and the intracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 27 mM at 20 ∘C ?
Please answer asap and in short and content should not be palgarised please
Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 ∘C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.50M on the "right side" and 0.08 M on the "left side", given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (−).
(a)Membrane permeable only to Na+.
Calculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 ∘C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.50M on the "right side" and 0.08 M on the "left side", given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (−).
Membrane permeable only to Cl−.
Chapter 44 Solutions
Life: The Science of Biology
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is the equilibrium membrane potential due to Na+ ions if the extracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 154 mM and the intracellular concentration of Na+ ions is 23 mM at 20 ∘C ?arrow_forwardCalculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 ∘C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.50 M on the "right side" and 0.08 M on the "left side", given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (−). Membrane equally permeable to both ions.arrow_forwardWhat is the equilibrium membrane potential due to Na+Na+ ions if the extracellular concentration of Na+Na+ ions is 138 mM138 mM and the intracellular concentration of Na+Na+ ions is 21 mM21 mM at 20 ∘C20 ∘C ?arrow_forward
- How can the resting membrane potential of a membrane be calculated using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (GHK) equation?arrow_forwardWith regard to Na+ and K+ equilibrium potentials and the resting and active membrane potentials, write down (a- D the directions of the forces indicated, acting on the ion in the table below under the respective condition(s). NB the examples given. lon Condition Electrical/Chemical force Direction of force Chemical e.g....inward.. ****** Na ENa+ = + 60 mV Electrical a. Chemical e.g. ...outward.. EK+ =- 90 mV Electrical b. Chemical C. Na" Emp = 0 mV Electrical d. Chemical K+ Emp =-20 mV Electricalarrow_forwardBut how would I find the number for the membrane potential after it becomes more permeable? Is there an equation to use?arrow_forward
- Separately, draw a table using arrows to depict the appropriate magnitude and direction of the forces and ion fluxes at different membrane potentials for a ligand-gated channel that is equally permeable to both ion X+ and ion Y+. The equilibrium potential for ion X+ is -60 mV, and the equilibrium potential for ion Y+ is -20 mV. Which item best represents the forces and fluxes for a membrane potential of 0 mV?arrow_forwardCalculate the equilibrium membrane potentials to be expected across a membrane at 37 °C, with a NaCl concentration of 0.10 M on the “right side” and 0.01 M on the “left side”, given the following conditions. In each case, state which side is (+) and which is (-). (a) Membrane permeable only to Na+ (b) Membrane permeable only to Cl– (c) Membrane equally permeable to both ionsarrow_forwardGiven that the extracellular concentration of Cl- is approximately 120 mM, what is the intracellular concentration if the Nernst potential for Cl- is 39 mV. (T=298 K, R=1.987 cal/K·mol, F=23,062 cal/mol·V)arrow_forward
- Why is the sodium-potassium pump indirectly important to the ac-tion potential and to maintaining the resting membrane potential?arrow_forwardThe ion flows across neuronal membranes at rest and duringan action potential do not significantly change bulk ionconcentrations, except for that of Ca2+ ions. Resting Ca2+ ionconcentrations in cells are usually about 10–7 M, and Ca2+ ionsexert physiological effects at concentrations of perhaps 10–5 M.Explain why relative changes of intracellular [Ca2+] are muchgreater than for, say, [Na+] (12–50 mM).arrow_forwardExplain why the resting membrane potential is not equal to the K1equilibrium potential?arrow_forward
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