Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 42, Problem 5RQ
Although interferons have several effects, they are particularly useful against infections with which type of pathogen?
- bacteria
- viruses
- fungi
- helminths
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Interferons are primarily produced in response to infection with which pathogen type?
Group of answer choices
Prions
Protists
Gram-positive bacteria
Viruses
Interferon aims to protect cells against which of the following?
1) Intracellular bacteria
2) Helminth infection
3) Viral infections
4) Attack by immune complexes
Which of the following proteins are part of the first line of defense against microbial invasion?
interferons
C3 and C5
TLRs
NOD proteins
dermcidins
Chapter 42 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 42 - Figure 42.11 Which of the following statements...Ch. 42 - Figure 42.14 Based on what you know about MHC...Ch. 42 - Figure 42.16 The Rh antigen is found on Rh...Ch. 42 - Which of the following is a barrier against...Ch. 42 - Although interferons have several effects, they...Ch. 42 - Which organelle do phagocytes use to digest...Ch. 42 - Which innate immune system component uses MHC I...Ch. 42 - Which of the following is both a phagocyte and an...Ch. 42 - Which immune cells bind MHC molecules on APCs via...Ch. 42 - What “self” pattern is identified by NK cells?...
Ch. 42 - The acquired ability to prevent an unnecessary or...Ch. 42 - A memory B cell can differentiate upon reexposure...Ch. 42 - Foreign particles circulating in the blood are...Ch. 42 - The structure of an antibody is similar to the...Ch. 42 - The first antibody class to appear in the serum in...Ch. 42 - What is the most abundant antibody class detected...Ch. 42 - Breastfed infants typically are resistant to...Ch. 42 - Allergy to pollen is classified as: an autoimmune...Ch. 42 - A potential cause of acquired autoimmunity is...Ch. 42 - Autoantibodies are probably involved in: reactions...Ch. 42 - Which of the following diseases is not due to...Ch. 42 - Different MHC I molecules between donor and...Ch. 42 - If a series of genetic mutations prevented some,...Ch. 42 - Explain the difference between an epitope and an...Ch. 42 - What is a naïve B or T cell?Ch. 42 - How does the Th1 response differ from the Th2...Ch. 42 - In mammalian adaptive immune systems, T cell...Ch. 42 - How do B and T cells differ with respect to...Ch. 42 - Why is the immune response after reinfection much...Ch. 42 - What are the benefits and costs of antibody cross...
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- These are released by host cells in response to viral stimulation. Some act to prevent viral infection of nearby susceptible host cells. Histamine Interferons Compliment Prostaglandinsarrow_forwardWhat are the roles of the following cytokines in defense against infections: 1) TNF 2) IL-12 3) Type I Interferonarrow_forwardThe influenza virus produces a protein that degrades interferon. How does this increase its virulence?arrow_forward
- Patients who have recently had a bone marrow transplant are extremely susceptible to infection. Why would this be so?arrow_forwardWhich of the following is more effective against bacteria than viruses? Type 1 Interferon Type 2 interferon Antibodies NK cells CytotoxicTcellsarrow_forwardThe dead outer surface of skin (not mucous membranes) uses which of the following innate defenses to inhibit microbial growth? Choose all that apply. Group of answer choices Prion production Interferon production Low pH Drynessarrow_forward
- Which of the following are true of interferons? Select all that apply. O They are a critical part of the innate immune system in fighting bacterial infections O They are a part of the second line of defense against viruses O They degrade viral DNA O They are signaling molecules produced by infected cells to help uninfected cells defend themselves agains viruses O They are part of innate immunity O They are part of adaptive immunity and are "trained" by the immune system to eliminate specific pathogensarrow_forwardThe process where antibody will cause microbes to be connected together so they can no longer cause infection is called: excision inactivation coarctation agglutinationarrow_forwardAn antibody binding to an antigen within the body can have which of the following outcomes that would help the host? Choose all that apply. Agglutination of the pathogen Opsonization of the pathogen Stimulating apoptosis of bacteria and viral particles Activation of complement proteinsarrow_forward
- Complement proteins function in defense by _______. a. neutralizing toxins b. enhancing resident bacteria c. promoting inflammation d. forming pores that cause pathogens to disintegrate e. both a and b f. both c and darrow_forwardThe Complement System Kills Microorganisms The complement system supplements the inflammatory response by directly killing microorganisms. Describe the life cycle of complement proteins, from their synthesis in the liver to their activity at the site of an infection.arrow_forwardA phagocyte enters tissues by: chemotaxis leukocytosis diapedesis marginationarrow_forward
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