Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781133104261
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 31, Problem 59P
(a)
To determine
The process described by the Feynman diagram from the given figure.
(b)
To determine
The exchanged particle in each process.
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The range of the nuclear strong force is believed to be about 1.2 x 10-15 m. An early theory of nuclear physics proposed that the particle that “mediates” the strong force (similar to the photon mediating the electromagnetic force) is the pion. Assume that the pion moves at the speed of light in the nucleus, and calculate the time ∆t it takes to travel between nucleons. Assume that the distance between nucleons is also about 1.2 x 10-15 m. Use this time ∆t to calculate the energy ∆E for which energy conservation is violated during the time ∆t. This ∆E has been used to estimate the mass of the pion. What value do you determine for the mass? Compare this value with the measured value of 135 MeV/c2 for the neutral pion.
Chapter 31 Solutions
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Ch. 31.2 - Given the identification of the particles in...Ch. 31.5 - Prob. 31.2QQCh. 31.5 - Prob. 31.3QQCh. 31.5 - Prob. 31.4QQCh. 31.9 - Prob. 31.5QQCh. 31 - Prob. 1OQCh. 31 - Prob. 2OQCh. 31 - Prob. 3OQCh. 31 - Prob. 4OQCh. 31 - Prob. 5OQ
Ch. 31 - Prob. 6OQCh. 31 - Prob. 7OQCh. 31 - Prob. 8OQCh. 31 - Prob. 1CQCh. 31 - Prob. 2CQCh. 31 - Prob. 3CQCh. 31 - Prob. 4CQCh. 31 - Prob. 5CQCh. 31 - Prob. 6CQCh. 31 - Prob. 7CQCh. 31 - Prob. 8CQCh. 31 - Prob. 9CQCh. 31 - Prob. 10CQCh. 31 - Prob. 11CQCh. 31 - Prob. 12CQCh. 31 - Prob. 13CQCh. 31 - Prob. 1PCh. 31 - Prob. 2PCh. 31 - Prob. 3PCh. 31 - Prob. 4PCh. 31 - Prob. 5PCh. 31 - Prob. 6PCh. 31 - Prob. 7PCh. 31 - Prob. 8PCh. 31 - Prob. 9PCh. 31 - Prob. 10PCh. 31 - Prob. 11PCh. 31 - Prob. 12PCh. 31 - Prob. 13PCh. 31 - Prob. 14PCh. 31 - Prob. 15PCh. 31 - Prob. 16PCh. 31 - Prob. 17PCh. 31 - Prob. 18PCh. 31 - Prob. 19PCh. 31 - Prob. 20PCh. 31 - Prob. 21PCh. 31 - Prob. 22PCh. 31 - Prob. 23PCh. 31 - Prob. 24PCh. 31 - Prob. 25PCh. 31 - Prob. 26PCh. 31 - Prob. 27PCh. 31 - Prob. 28PCh. 31 - Prob. 29PCh. 31 - Prob. 30PCh. 31 - Prob. 31PCh. 31 - Prob. 32PCh. 31 - Prob. 33PCh. 31 - Prob. 34PCh. 31 - Prob. 35PCh. 31 - Prob. 36PCh. 31 - Prob. 37PCh. 31 - Prob. 38PCh. 31 - Prob. 39PCh. 31 - Prob. 40PCh. 31 - Prob. 41PCh. 31 - Prob. 42PCh. 31 - Prob. 43PCh. 31 - Prob. 44PCh. 31 - Prob. 45PCh. 31 - Prob. 46PCh. 31 - Prob. 47PCh. 31 - Prob. 48PCh. 31 - Prob. 49PCh. 31 - Prob. 50PCh. 31 - Prob. 51PCh. 31 - Prob. 52PCh. 31 - Prob. 53PCh. 31 - Prob. 54PCh. 31 - Prob. 55PCh. 31 - Prob. 56PCh. 31 - Prob. 57PCh. 31 - Prob. 58PCh. 31 - Prob. 59PCh. 31 - Prob. 60PCh. 31 - Prob. 61PCh. 31 - Prob. 62PCh. 31 - Prob. 63PCh. 31 - Prob. 64PCh. 31 - Prob. 65P
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- The primary decay mode for the negative pion is +v . (a) What is the energy release in MeV in this decay? (b) Using conservation of momentum, how much energy does each of the decay products receive, given the is at rest when it decays? You may assume the muon antineutrino is massless and has momentum p = E/c , just like a photon.arrow_forwardThe K0 meson is an uncharged member of the particle “zoo” that decays into two charged pions according to K0 → π+ + π−. The pions have opposite charges, as indicated, and the same mass, mπ = 140 MeV/c2. Suppose that a K0 at rest decays into two pions in a bubble chamber in which a magnetic field of 2.0 T is present (see Fig. P2.22). If the radius of curvature of the pions is 34.4 cm, find (a) the momenta and speeds of the pions and (b) the mass of the K0 meson.arrow_forward(a) Estimate the mass of the luminous matter in the known universe, given there are 1011 galaxies, each containing 1011 stars of average mass 1.5 times that of our Sun. (b) How many protons (the most abundant nuclide) are there in this mates? (c) Estimate the total number of particles in the observable universe by multiplying the answer to (b) by two, since there is an electron for each proton, and then by 109, since there are far more particles (such as photons and neutrinos) in space than in luminous matter.arrow_forward
- (a) Verify from its quark composition that the particle could be an excited state of the proton. (b) There is a spread of about 100 MeV in the decay energy of the interpreted as uncertainty due to its short lifetime. What is its approximate lifetime? (c) Does its decay proceed via the strong or weak force?arrow_forwarda) A K° meson (mass 497.61 MeV/c2) decays to a t, T pair with a mean lifetime of 0.89 x 10-10 s. Suppose the K° has a kinetic energy of 276 MeV when it decays, and that the two A mesons emerge at equal angles to the original K° direction. Calculate the kinetic energy of each T meson and the opening angle between them. The mass of a 7 meson is 139.57 MeV/c2.arrow_forwardMost of the particles known to physicists are unstable. For example, the lifetime of the neutral pion,π0, is about 8.4x10-17 s. Its mass is 135.0 MeV/c2. a) What is the energy width of the π0 in its ground state? b) What is the relative uncertainty ∆m/m of the pion’s mass?arrow_forward
- Twelve electron antineutrinos from Supernova 1987A were detected by the Kamiokande neutrino detector in Japan. This experiment consisted of a tank filled with 3 kton of water, and surrounded by photomultiplier tubes. The photomultipliers detect the Cerenkov radiation emitted by a recoiling positron that is emitted after a proton absorbs an antineutrino from the supernova. Estimate how many people on Earth could have perceived a flash of light, due to the Cerenkov radiation produced by the same process, when an antineutrino from the supernova traveled through their eyeball. Assume that eyeballs are composed primarily of water, each weighs about 10 g, and that the Earth’s population was 5 billion in 1987.arrow_forwardAn electrically neutral pion (º) can be created in a collision between two protons. (The protons still exist after the interaction.) Thus the reaction is p+р-->p+p+⁰° The proton rest energy is 938 MeV, and the pion rest energy is 140 MeV. Imagine that you are designing an accelerator, and you want to make sure that it has sufficient energy to produce a . (a) If the accelerator shoots a beam of protons onto a stationary proton target, what is the minimum (threshold) kinetic energy per proton? (b) If the accelerator has two colliding beams of protons (both with the same energy), then what is the minimum (threshold) kinetic energy per proton?arrow_forward9. Which of the following reactions and decays are possible? For those forbidden, explain what laws are violated? (а) п- +р+п + п?. (b) a+ +p → n+ 7º. (c) n+ +p→p+ e+. (d) p→ e+ + ve. (e) p→n + e+ + Ve- 10. Draw the two Feynman diagrams for electron-electron scattering at the first-order. Draw three distinct second-order diagrams.arrow_forward
- A photon produces a proton−antiproton pair according to the reaction γ → p +P- . What is the minimum possible frequency of the photon? What is its wavelength?arrow_forwardThe primary decay mode for the negative pion is π− → μ− + ν-μ . (a) What is the energy release in MeV in this decay? (b) Using conservation of momentum, how much energy does each of the decay products receive, given the π− is at rest when it decays? You may assume the muon antineutrino is massless and has momentum p = E / c , justlike a photon.arrow_forward
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