Concept explainers
When working out genetics problems in this and succeeding chapters, alwaysassumethatmembersof the P1 generation are homozygous, unless the information or data you are given require you to do otherwise.
To assess Mendel's law of segregation using tomatoes, a true-breeding tall variety (SS) is crossed with a true-breeding short variety (ss). The heterozygous tall plants (Ss) were crossed to produce the two sets of F2 data as follows:
Set 1 | Set II |
30 tall | 300 tall |
5 short | 50 short |
(a) Using chi-square analysis, analyze the results for both datasets. Calculate x2 values, and estimate the p values in both cases.
(b) From the analysis in part (a), what can you conclude about the importance of generating large datasets in experimental settings?
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Essentials of Genetics (9th Edition) - Standalone book
- Now cross two of the F₁ offspring. Parent 1 Gametes F2 Offspring Parent 2 Gametes 24. What is the phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation? 25. In the dihybrid cross you have considered two traits at a time. Although the number of traits has increased by one, what has happened to the number of possible phenotypes of offspring produced in the F2 generation? ni llit asa2013 bhidydenom sih at Simons 1:11 sabrax gatamearrow_forwardQUESTION 4 In Mendel's pea plants, round shape (R) is dominant to wrinkled shape (r), and yellow color (Y) is dominant to green color (y). The alleles for seed shape and seed color sort independently. In the parental generation, Mendel crossed a true-breeding round, yellow-seeded plant with a true-breeding wrinkled, green-seeded plant to create an F1 generation. He then crossed the F1 offspring to eachother to create the F2 generation. What is the probability Mendel would observe F2 plants with round and green seeds? O 3/16 O9/16 1/8 01/4 1/2 QUESTION 5 specific example of incomplete penetrance is the human bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). The majority of people with this disease have a dom utation in one of the hun nonce that produce hme 1 collagen COL1A1 or COL1A2 Raced on the DNA testing of a family with 15 membere amemhare he Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers. MacBook Airarrow_forwardQUESTION 1 In pea plants, round (R) is dominant to wrinkled (r), yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y), and tall (T) is dominant to short (t). A homozygous round, heterozygous yellow, short pea plant is crossed with a wrinkled, heterozygous yellow, heterozygous tall plant. Show the branching diagram, along with the probabilities of all genotypes. What is the probability (show work) and phenotype of the following genotype: Rryytt. Attach Filearrow_forward
- PLease help, double and triple check your answers, im using this to study, these questions are NOT graded they are PRACTICE problems. Please help with all 4 parts of this question!!!!!!! A. Your maternal grandpa is colorblind but both your mom and dad are not affected. What are the chances of your sister being colorblind? What are the chances of your brother being colorblind? (Colorblindness is X-linked recessive) B. Regarding the problem above, if your sister’s husband is colorblind, what are the chances that their first son will be colorblind? C. Two genes, A and X, exhibit incomplete linkage. The frequency of each parental gamete (AX and ax) is 45%. What is the approximate frequency of the Ax gamete? D. There are three genes located in the gene order A--B--C on a chromosome. Would you expect the recombination frequency to be higher between A and B or A and C?arrow_forwardybrid Cross - Parental (P) vill be observing the F, offspring of the cross shown in nage. The purple colof (P) of the kernel is the result of ment called anthocyanin, which is dominant and not nked. /hat are the genotypes of the F, offspring if both nts shown are homozygous? F1 Mendel's dihybrid cross always showed a the same ratio ONLY for traits that are not linked on the same mosome and inherited together. If the genes are linked the ratio will not follow Mendel's dihybrid ratio. What is atio seen in dihybrid crosses that are not linked? F2 EXPERIMENTAL QUESTION: Are the genes for color (P) and shape (R) linked (on the same chromosome)?arrow_forward11:42 Cancel Markup Done Name: Date: Monohybrid practice problems In pea plants, the traits below exhibit the following dominance patterns: Recessive Expression: Wrinkled Dominant Expression: Round Purple |Yellow Inflated Green Trait: 1. Seed shape (R) 2. Flower color (P) 3. White Green |Constricted Yellow Terminal Short Color of seed coat (Y) Form of ripe pods (I) 4. 5. |Color of unripe pods (G) 6. Position of flowers (A) 7. Length of stem (T) Axial Tall Record the genetvnes f-Der-- = foltrawino deserintins (The first one has been done for you): а. дg A plant with yellow poás- EplancteOZygous for ereen pods N 0)e Owers С. A plant homozvaoue ycilow seeds A plant with white flowers TA piamt wilh areen seeds. Complete the Punnett Square showing the eress between a pea plant with pure round seeds and a plant with wrinkled seeds. Summanze the phenotypes and genotypes for the offspring. Genolynic PorcentadCS. Parental cross PhenolypicPerceniageS 3A pea plant with pure velow seeds is erossed…arrow_forward
- Question: Red color (R) allele is dominant over blue color (r) for carnations (a type of flower). You will cross a heterozygous red carnation with a blue carnation. Show all your work filling out the required parts of the diagram. Then, select the correct statement below. (Picture below) 1. 75% red - 25% blue 75% heterozygous - 25% homozygous 2. 75% red - 25% blue 75% heterozygous - 25% homozygous 3. 50% red - 50% blue 50% heterozygous - 50% homozygous 4. 25% red - 75% blue 25% heterozygous - 75% homozygousarrow_forward11:41 Cancel Markup Done Name: Date: Monohybrid practice problems In pea plants, the traits below exhibit the following dominance patterns: Recessive Expression: Wrinkled Dominant Expression: Round Purple |Yellow Inflated Green Trait: 1. Seed shape (R) 2. Flower color (P) 3. White Green Constricted Yellow Terminal Short Color of seed coat (Y) Form of ripe pods (I) 4. 5. |Color of unripe pods (G) 6. Position of flowers (A) 7. Length of stem (T) Axial Tall Record the genotypes for pea plants with the following descriptions (The first one has been done for you: 1. а. дg A plant with yellow pods A planteozygous for ereen pods С. A plant homozvaoue ta vellow seeds A plant with white flowers A plant with areen seeds 2. Complete the Punnett Square showing the cross between a pea plant with pure round seeds and a plant with wrinkled seeds. Summarize the phenotypes and genotypes for the offspring. Parental cross Genotypic Percentages: Phenotypic Percentages: 3. A pea plant with pure yellow…arrow_forwardQUESTION 1 Exceptions to Mendel's Rules Matching. Match the exception to Mendel's rules with the example that illustrates it. human body shape is controlled by a number of genes children heterozygous for Tay-Sachs disease make about 50"% of v the normal healthy enzyme, homozygous recessive individuals make 0% and homozygous dominant individuals make 100% A. incomplete dominance diabetes, ultraviolet light, and alcoholism cause cataracts (cloudy v eyes) that are coded for by a dominant allele to develop earlier and B. codominance more severely C. epistasis a dominant allele codes for cataracts (cloudy eyes) but another allele affects how bad the cataract will be D. environmental effects on gene expression homozygous cattle are brown or white while heterozygotes have both brown and white hair E. pleiotropy F. polygenic men with the gene for goutare eight times more likely than women to develop a severe case G. sex linkage the human disease Marfan Syndrome results from a gene that affects…arrow_forward
- Question 5 [HINT: This problem wants you to calculate gene number from the proportion of individuals in the extreme classes, not from the number of phenotypes.] A farmer has two pure-breeding varieties of tomatoes: Little Pete (average fruit diameter 2cm) and Big Boy (average fruit diameter 14 cm). The farmer crosses Little Pete and Big Boy and obtains F1 plants with fruit averaging 8cm in diameter. When he intercrosses the F1s to obtain F2s, he examines 2000 F2 plants and finds two plants that produce fruit even smaller than Little Pete and three plants that produce fruit even larger than Big Boy. From these data, how many genes can we infer are involved in controlling fruit size in these plants? What is the genotype of Little Pete? What is the genotype of Big Boy? What is the genotype of the F1s? What are the genotypes that are bigger than Big Boy? What are the genotypes that are smaller than Little Pete?arrow_forwardHi, I'm having trouble with my study guide for my upcoming genetics exam. If someone could please help with work shown and an explanation it would help so much! Thank you!! 2a. The pedigree below represents inheritance of rare condition. What pattern of inheritance is most consistent with the data? Assign alleles to all individuals to support your answer. If an allele is unknown, assign it a ? symbol. NOTE: Individuals whose phenotype or genotype cannot be determined are assumed to be unaffected and homozygous, unless otherwise indicated. 2b. In addition to the alleles you’ve indicated, describe 2 overall features of the pedigree that make it consistent with your chosen form of inheritance. 2c. Based on your mode of inheritance, what is the probability that the child of couple IV-4 x IV-5 will be affected? Show your work. attached is the pedigreearrow_forwarda app.edulastic.com .. Question 1/4 > NEXT Mendel crossed wrinkle-seeded (rr) plants with pure round-seeded plants (RR). What percentage of the resulting generation had wrinkled seeds?arrow_forward
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