Astronomy
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168284
Author: Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 29, Problem 8E
What is dark energy and what evidence do astronomers have that it is an important component of the universe?
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Chapter 29 Solutions
Astronomy
Ch. 29 - What are the basic observations about the universe...Ch. 29 - Describe some possible futures for the universe...Ch. 29 - What does the term Hubble time mean in cosmology,...Ch. 29 - Which formed first: hydrogen nuclei or hydrogen...Ch. 29 - Describe at least two characteristics of the...Ch. 29 - Describe two properties of the universe that are...Ch. 29 - Why do astronomers believe there must be dark...Ch. 29 - What is dark energy and what evidence do...Ch. 29 - Thinking about the ideas of space and time in...Ch. 29 - Astronomers have found that there is more helium...
Ch. 29 - Describe the anthropic principle. What are some...Ch. 29 - Describe the evidence that the expansion of the...Ch. 29 - What is the most useful probe of the early...Ch. 29 - What are the advantages and disadvantages of using...Ch. 29 - Would acceleration of the universe occur if it...Ch. 29 - Suppose the universe expands forever. Describe...Ch. 29 - Some theorists expected that observations would...Ch. 29 - There are a variety of ways of estimating the ages...Ch. 29 - Since the time of Copernicus, each revolution in...Ch. 29 - The anthropic principle suggests that in some...Ch. 29 - Penzias and Wilson’s discovery of the Cosmic...Ch. 29 - Construct a timeline for the universe and indicate...Ch. 29 - Suppose the Hubble constant were not 22 but 33...Ch. 29 - Assume that the average galaxy contains...Ch. 29 - The CMB contains roughly 400 million photons per...Ch. 29 - Following up on Exercise 29.27 calculate the...Ch. 29 - Continuing the thinking in Exercise 29.27 and...Ch. 29 - Continuing the thinking in the last three...Ch. 29 - There is still some uncertainty in the Hubble...Ch. 29 - It is possible to derive the age of the universe...
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- What evidence shows that the Universe is expanding? What evidence shows that the Universe began with a Big Bang?arrow_forwardWhat does it mean to say that the universe is expanding? What is expanding? For example, is your astronomy classroom expanding? Is the solar system? Why or why not?arrow_forwardWhat is an event horizon? Does our Sun have an event horizon around it?arrow_forward
- What is the difference between hot dark matter and cold dark matter? How does this difference affect cosmology?arrow_forwardWhere are you in the Universe? If you had to give directions to your location in the Universe, what directions would you give?arrow_forwardWhat is the “cosmic haystack problem”? List as many of its components as you can think of.arrow_forward
- What does the term Hubble time mean in cosmology, and what is the current best calculation for the Hubble time?arrow_forwardThere is still some uncertainty in the Hubble constant. (a) Current estimates range from about 19.9 km/s per million light-years to 23 km/s per million light-years. Assume that the Hubble constant has been constant since the Big Bang. What is the possible range in the ages of the universe? Use the equation in the text, T0=1H , and make sure you use consistent units. (b) Twenty years ago, estimates for the Hubble constant ranged from 50 to 100 km/s per Mps. What are the possible ages for the universe from those values? Can you rule out some of these possibilities on the basis of other evidence?arrow_forwardStars form in the Milky Way at a rate of about 1 solar mass per year. At this rate, how long would it take for all the interstellar gas in the Milky Way to be turned into stars if there were no fresh gas coming in from outside? How does this compare to the estimated age of the universe, 14 billion years? What do you conclude from this?arrow_forward
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