Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781133104261
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 27, Problem 11OQ
To determine
The diffraction pattern obtained on using X-rays instead of visible rays.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
When an x-ray beam is scattered off the planes of a
crystal, the scattered beam creates an interference
pattern. This phenomenon is called Bragg scattering. For
an observer to measure an interference maximum, two
conditions have to be satisfied:
1. The angle of incidence has to be equal to
the angle of reflection.
2. The difference in the beam's path from a
source to an observer for neighboring
planes has to be equal to an integer
multiple of the wavelength; that is,
2d sin(0) = mx for m = 1, 2, ....
The path difference 2d sin(0) can be determined from
the diagram (Figure 1). The second condition is known as
the Bragg condition.
Figure
1 of 1
d sine
d sine
Review
nstants
Part A
An x-ray beam with wavelength 0.260 nm is directed at a crystal. As the angle of incidence increases, you observe
the first strong interference maximum at an angle 20.5 °. What is the spacing d between the planes of the crystal?
Express your answer in nanometers to four significant figures.
VE ΑΣΦ
?
d =
nm…
In the figure, first-order reflection from the reflection planes shown occurs when an x-ray beam of wavelength 0.820 nm makes an angle θ = 62.3˚ with the top face of the crystal. What is the unit cell size a0?
First-order Bragg scattering from a certain crystal occurs at an angle of incidence of
63.8°; see figure below. The wavelength of the x-rays is 0.261nm. Assuming that the
scattering is from the dashed planes shown, find the unit cell size ao.
63.8°
X rays
Chapter 27 Solutions
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Ch. 27.3 - Which of the following causes the fringes in a...Ch. 27.5 - In a laboratory accident, you spill two liquids...Ch. 27.5 - Prob. 27.3QQCh. 27.6 - Prob. 27.4QQCh. 27.7 - Suppose you are observing a binary star with a...Ch. 27.8 - Ultraviolet light of wavelength 350 nm is incident...Ch. 27 - Consider a wave passing through a single slit....Ch. 27 - Prob. 2OQCh. 27 - Suppose Youngs double-slit experiment is performed...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4OQ
Ch. 27 - Prob. 5OQCh. 27 - Prob. 6OQCh. 27 - A monochromatic beam of light of wavelength 500 nm...Ch. 27 - A film of oil on a puddle in a parking lot shows a...Ch. 27 - Prob. 9OQCh. 27 - A Fraunhofer diffraction pattern is produced on a...Ch. 27 - Prob. 11OQCh. 27 - Prob. 12OQCh. 27 - Why is it advantageous to use a large-diameter...Ch. 27 - Prob. 1CQCh. 27 - Prob. 2CQCh. 27 - Prob. 3CQCh. 27 - Prob. 4CQCh. 27 - Why is the lens on a good-quality camera coated...Ch. 27 - Prob. 6CQCh. 27 - Prob. 7CQCh. 27 - Prob. 8CQCh. 27 - A laser beam is incident at a shallow angle on a...Ch. 27 - Prob. 10CQCh. 27 - Prob. 11CQCh. 27 - Prob. 12CQCh. 27 - John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh (1842–1919),...Ch. 27 - Prob. 1PCh. 27 - Youngs double-slit experiment underlies the...Ch. 27 - Two radio antennas separated by d = 300 m as shown...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4PCh. 27 - Prob. 5PCh. 27 - Prob. 6PCh. 27 - In Figure P27.7 (not to scale), let L = 1.20 m and...Ch. 27 - Prob. 8PCh. 27 - Prob. 9PCh. 27 - Prob. 10PCh. 27 - Two slits are separated by 0.180 mm. An...Ch. 27 - Prob. 12PCh. 27 - A pair of narrow, parallel slits separated by...Ch. 27 - Coherent light rays of wavelength strike a pair...Ch. 27 - Prob. 15PCh. 27 - Prob. 16PCh. 27 - A riverside warehouse has several small doors...Ch. 27 - Prob. 18PCh. 27 - Prob. 19PCh. 27 - Astronomers observe the chromosphere of the Sun...Ch. 27 - Prob. 21PCh. 27 - Prob. 22PCh. 27 - A beam of 580-nm light passes through two closely...Ch. 27 - Prob. 24PCh. 27 - An air wedge is formed between two glass plates...Ch. 27 - Prob. 26PCh. 27 - Prob. 27PCh. 27 - Prob. 28PCh. 27 - Prob. 29PCh. 27 - Prob. 30PCh. 27 - Prob. 31PCh. 27 - Prob. 32PCh. 27 - A beam of monochromatic green light is diffracted...Ch. 27 - Prob. 34PCh. 27 - Prob. 35PCh. 27 - Prob. 36PCh. 27 - Prob. 37PCh. 27 - Prob. 38PCh. 27 - Prob. 39PCh. 27 - White light is spread out into its spectral...Ch. 27 - Prob. 41PCh. 27 - Prob. 42PCh. 27 - Prob. 43PCh. 27 - Prob. 44PCh. 27 - Prob. 45PCh. 27 - Prob. 46PCh. 27 - Prob. 47PCh. 27 - Prob. 48PCh. 27 - Prob. 49PCh. 27 - Prob. 50PCh. 27 - Prob. 51PCh. 27 - A wide beam of laser light with a wavelength of...Ch. 27 - Prob. 53PCh. 27 - Prob. 54PCh. 27 - Prob. 55PCh. 27 - Prob. 56PCh. 27 - Prob. 57PCh. 27 - Prob. 58PCh. 27 - Prob. 59PCh. 27 - Prob. 60PCh. 27 - Prob. 61PCh. 27 - Prob. 62PCh. 27 - Both sides of a uniform film that has index of...Ch. 27 - Prob. 64PCh. 27 - Light of wavelength 500 nm is incident normally on...Ch. 27 - Prob. 66PCh. 27 - A beam of bright red light of wavelength 654 nm...Ch. 27 - Iridescent peacock feathers are shown in Figure...Ch. 27 - Prob. 69PCh. 27 - Prob. 70PCh. 27 - Figure CQ27.4 shows an unbroken soap film in a...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Although we have discussed single-slit diffraction only for a slit, a similar result holds when light bends around a straight, thin object, such as a strand of hair. In that case, a is the width of the strand. From actual lab measurements on a human hair, it was found that when a beam of light of wavelength 632.8nm was shone on a single strand of hair, and the diffracted light was viewed on a screen 1.25m away, the first dark fringes on either side of the central bright spot were 5.22cm apart. How thick was this strand of hair?arrow_forwardDiffraction can be used to provide a quick test of the size of red blood cells. Blood is smeared onto a slide, and a laser shines through the slide. The size of the cells is very consistent, so the multiple diffraction patterns overlap and produce an overall pattern that is similar to what a single cell would produce. Ideally, the diameter of a red blood cell should be between 7.5 and 8.0 μm. If a 633 nm laser shines through a slide and produces a pattern on a screen 24.0 cm distant, what range of sizes of the central maximum should be expected? Values outside this range might indicate a health concern and warrant further study.arrow_forwardYou are performing research in an x-ray diffraction laboratory. In one of your experiments, you wish to study x-ray diffraction from a crystal of NaCl using x-rays of wavelength 0.136 nm. (a) For how many angles do you expect to detect a diffraction maximum from the crystal if your x-rays are reflecting from the shaded planes as shown? (b) In another experiment, the crystal is rotated so that the reflections of x-rays arise from parallel planes of sodium and chlorine ions. as shown shows portions of these planes containing atoms within the unit cell. Imagine extending these portions outward to form large planes, one with only sodium ions and the other with only chlorine ions. Considering these planes, for how many angles do you expect to detect a diffraction maximum from the crystal using the same x-rays?arrow_forward
- Light-source having linewidth of 100 nm centered at 500 nm is used to gain approximately monochromatic light from a white source. Calculate:a. the coherence timeb. the coherence length.Given [ ∆λ/λ = ∆f/f ]arrow_forwardIn a Young's double-slit experiment, the separation between slits is d and the screen is a distance R from the slits. R is much greater than d and > is the wavelength of the light. The number of bright fringes per unit width on the screen is: d/RX R/dλ Rd/λ X/Rd Rλ/darrow_forwardProblem 18: Consider a single slit that produces its first minimum at 54° for 590 nm light. Randomized Variablesθ1 = 54 °θ1 = 54 °θ2 = 67 °λ1 = 590 nm Part (a) What is the width of the single slit, w, in nanometers?Numeric : A numeric value is expected and not an expression.w = __________________________________________ Part (b) Find the wavelength, in nanometers, of light that has its first minimum at 67°.Numeric : A numeric value is expected and not an expression.λ2 = __________________________________________arrow_forward
- A diffraction grating is used to view the spectrum of light from a helium discharge tube. The 3 brightest lines are red, yellow and blue in colour. In this spectrometer, the distance between the grating and the slit is 30.0 cm and the slit spacing in the grating is 1870 nm. Calculate the wavelength of spectral line C. What is the highest order of spectral line C that can be seen?arrow_forwardIn the lab, you want to use a spectrometer to study the emission spectrum of a gas. This device works by having the light go through a diffraction grating and then carefully measuring the angle at which the light exits the grating. The problem is that the grating that you have is not labeled, so you do not know the spacing. To calibrate the spectrometer, you send a HeNe laser (wavelength 632.8nm) through the grating and observe it to exit at an angle of 37.6° in the second order by this grating. (For obscure technical reasons, the first order is not observable.) Light from the gas is then measured to be deflected by 34.9° in the second order. What is the wavelength of the light that is to be measured?arrow_forwardIn a double slit experiment, what is the path difference between two waves that create the third bright band (m=3) from the central bright band? 0.5λ λ 1.5λ 2λ 3λarrow_forward
- Early investigators (including Thomas Young) measured the thickness of wool fibers using diffraction. One early instrument used a collimated beam of 560 nm light to produce a diffraction pattern on a screen placed 30 cm from a single wool fiber. If the fiber’s diameter was 16 μm, what was the width of the central maximum on the screen?arrow_forwardIn an x-ray diffraction experiment, two different samples of DNA of unknown origin are studied. Sample 1 has a layer spacing of Ax = 4nm and the 4th horizontal line as measured from the center of the 'X' is missing (as indicated by the figure below). Sample 2 has a layer spacing of Ax = 1nm and there are no horizontal lines missing from the diffraction pattern. What is a possible explanation for these results? D (diameter) a (rise andgle) B (base stacking) P (helical pitch) S (offset) O The Sample 1 DNA has a smaller pitch P and a smaller offset S than Sample 2 DNA.. The Sample 1 DNA has a smaller pitch P than Sample 2; Sample 1 is a double helix while Sample 2 is a single helix. O The Sample 1 DNA has a larger pitch P than Sample 2; Sample 1 is a double helix while Sample 2 is a single helix. The Sample 1 DNA has a larger pitch P and a smaller offset S than Sample 2 DNA.. O The Sample 1 DNA has a smaller pitch P than Sample 2; Sample 1 is a single helix while Sample 2 is a double…arrow_forwardLight with wavelength i passes through a narrow slit of width w and is seen on a screen which is located at a distance D in front of the slit. The first minimum of the diffraction pattern is at distance d from the middle of the central maximum. Calculate the wavelength of light if D=2.5 VAD. Give your answer in nanometprs. m, d=1 mm and w = Answer: Choose...arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Spectra Interference: Crash Course Physics #40; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ob7foUzXaY;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY