Interpretation: An aromatic substitution reaction to show the path for the conversion of pentamer to the final synthetic detergent is to be stated.
Concept introduction: Hydrogen gas in the presence of
To determine: An aromatic substitution reaction to show the path for the conversion of pentamer to the final synthetic detergent.
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- 5. An unknown hydrocarbon A with the formula C,H12 reacts with 1 molar equivalent of H2 over a palladium catalyst. Hydrocarbon A also reacts with OsO4 to give diol B. When oxidized with KMNO4 in acidic solution, A gives two fragments. One fragment is propanoic acid, CH3CH2CO2H, and the other fragment is ketone C. What are the structures of A, B, and C? Write all reactions and show your reasoning.arrow_forwardKodel is a condensation polymer made from terephthalic acid and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol. Write the structure of the resulting polymer.arrow_forwardCriteria for satisfactory score Reactants, products, and reagents that complete a reaction scheme must specific compounds, not generic categories. Reagents and structures must be valid Lewis structures. Tasks 1. Complete the synthetic sequences by drawing products/substrates/reagents in empty spaces in reactions below. 2. Draw the mechanism of tautomerization (line 3).arrow_forward
- As discussed in Chapters 25 and 26, a polymer is a very large molecule that contains many repeating units called monomers. The reaction here shows, for example, how styrene reacts to form polystyrene. The reaction is initiated by the electrophilic addition of H+ from an acid like sulfuric acid, which generates an initial carbocation. Afterward, that carbocation behaves as an electrophile in the presence of another molecule of styrene, resulting in yet another carbocation. This reaction can repeat many thousands of times to build up the polymer. With this in mind, draw the detailed mechanism that illustrates the initiation of the polymerization reaction and the addition of the first two monomers, as shown at the right. H,SO4 C6H5 CGH5 CgH5 Styrene Polystyrene H,SO4 CgH5 CGH5 C6H5arrow_forwardCan you explain condensation polymerization and give an example with structure of one with 2 carboxylic acid groups and 2 OH groups.arrow_forward2. Using structural diagrams to explain the synthesis of butyl ethanoate from an alkane and an alcohol. Make sure you have the names of the substances and the reaction conditions of the reactions of the steps that consists your synthesis HC-C H- styrene HH ethane-1,2-diol OH НО. JOL -0-H benzene-1.4-dicarboxylic acid.arrow_forward
- Ester formation and ester hydrolysis are exactly the same reaction only written in reverse. General reaction of ester formation: H*, heat R—с—он + Н—о—R' R—с—о-R' + H,O carboxylic acid alcohol carboxylic or phenol ester General reaction of ester hydrolysis: || R—с—OR' + H—оН R—с—оН +R—ОH ester carboxylic acid alcohol or phenol What determines which direction the reaction proceeds and what actually forms? o the boiling point of the carboxylic acid o the presence (or absence) of heat as well as the concentration of reactants and products o the molecular weight of reactants and products o the presence (or absence) of heat as well as the catalystarrow_forwardAnswer the following questions: 1. Hydrolysis reaction that produces propanol 2. Addition reaction that produces bromobutane 3. Hydrogenation of cyclopentene 4. Complete oxidation of ethane (assuming sufficient O2 is available) 5. Iodation of pentane 6. Production of pentanol from pentane 7. Polymerization of butanedioic acid and propane-1,3-diol (show at least two reactions to get across the idea of growing chain) 8. Esterification of propanol and pentanoic acid 9. Elimination reaction with octanolarrow_forwardUsing GC-MS, as well as NMR and IR spectrometers identify all the compounds. The compounds are likely to be from one of the following classes of compounds: Alcohols and phenols, aldehydes and ketones, amines, or carboxylic acids, amides, and esters.arrow_forward
- Q14 Which statement among the following is incorrect concerning the oxidation or reduction of organic molecules? -Oxidation of alcohols is usually done under acidic or basic conditions to facilitate electron transfer. b- PCC will not oxidize an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid. -All alcohols can be oxidized to form one of an aldehyde, ketone, or carboxylic acid. Reaction of a ketone with a Grignard reagent in ether, followed by dilute acid work-up, produces a tertiary alcohol.arrow_forwardAn aromatic ring should satisfy Huckel’s rule, wherein the number of electrons participating in the cyclic conjugation should be equal to 4n + 2. Which of the following cyclic structures does NOT obey Huckel’s rule? Cyclobutadienyl dianion Tetrahydrofuran ring Cyclopropene structure Pyrimidine ring structure What is the role of H • ions in the nucleophilic substitution of alcohols usinghydrogen halides? Removal of an alkyl groupProtonation of -OH groupStabilization of carbocationActivation of oxygen radicalarrow_forwardcatalytic H* CH;COH + CH3OH CH3COCH3 + H20 Le Chatelier's Principle governs many of the reactions we have seen in Chapters 15 and 16, such as the esterification reaction shown above. With that in mind, what two things can you do in such a reaction to favor formation of the ester?arrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning