Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321971371
Author: Leroy G. Wade, Jan W. Simek
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25.4, Problem 25.5P
Several commercial laundry soaps contain water-softening agents, usually sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) or sodium phosphate (Na3PO4 or Na2HPO4). Explain how these water-softening agents allow soaps to be used in water that is hard by virtue of its
- a. low pH.
- b. dissolved Ca2+, Mg2+, and Fe3+ salts.
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Students have asked these similar questions
16. Propanoic acid, CH3CH2COOH together with its sodium salt, CH3CH2COONA is used as
preservatives in the food industry.
a. Write an equation for the dissociation of the acid in water.
b. Calculate its acid dissociation constant if the pH of 0.24 M of the acid is 2.75.
c. Write an equation for the hydrolysis of the sodium salt, CH3CH2COONA in water.
Calculate the hydrolysis constant of the salt.
Use Table 1 to determine if the following
equilibria will move left or right
i. HF (aq) + NH3 (aq) = F¯ (aq) + NH4 + (aq)
ii. HCO3¯ (aq) + SO4²- (aq) =CO3²- (aq) +
HSO4 (aq)
table 1. Relative strengths for some conjugate
acid-base pairs:
ACID
BASE
100%
ionized in
H₂O
Acid strength increases
Strong
Weak
HCI
CIT
H₂SO4
HSO4
HNO3
NO3
H3O+ (aq)
H₂O
HSO4
SO₂²-
H3PO4
H₂PO4
HF
F™
HC₂H30₂
C₂H₂O₂
H₂CO3
HCO3
HS
H₂S
H₂PO4 HPO4²-
NH4+
NH3
HCO3
HPO ²-
CO3²-
PO4³-
H₂O
OH™
OH
0²-
H₂
H™
CH4
CH3
Negligible
Base strength increases
Weak
Strong
100%
protonated
in H₂O
What is the pH of a solution containing a mixture of 0.050 M HC2H3O2 and 0.025 M NaC2H3O2? (Ka = 1.8 × 10-5 for HC2H3O2)
a.
4.74
b.
4.44
c.
2.87
d.
5.05
Chapter 25 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 25.1PCh. 25.3A - Prob. 25.2PCh. 25.3B - Give an equaton for the complete transestenfcation...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 25.4PCh. 25.4 - Several commercial laundry soaps contain...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 25.6PCh. 25.4 - Prob. 25.7PCh. 25.5 - Prob. 25.8PCh. 25.6 - How would you use a simple extraction to separate...Ch. 25.6 - Prob. 25.10P
Ch. 25.8A - Circle the isoprene units in geranial, menthol,...Ch. 25.8B - Prob. 25.12PCh. 25.8B - Prob. 25.13PCh. 25 - Prob. 25.14SPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.15SPCh. 25 - Show how you would convert oleic acid to the...Ch. 25 - Give the general classification of each compound....Ch. 25 - Phospholipids undergo saponification much like...Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.19SPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.20SPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.21SPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.22SPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.23SPCh. 25 - The structure of limonene appears in Problem25-13....Ch. 25 - Prob. 25.25SPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.26SPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.27SPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.28SPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.29SPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.30SPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.31SPCh. 25 - Prob. 25.32SP
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