Concept explainers
a.
Cash flow is the monetary consideration (return or income) received by the business for its long-term capital investment.
Net present value method is the method which is used to compare the initial
To explain: The impact of changes in currency exchange rate would have on the
b.
To explain: The impact of changes in currency exchange rate would have on the internal rate of return on the project, assume the plant produced in the local economy but exported the product back to the United states for sale.
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Financial & Managerial Accounting
- Richland Crane (A). Richland Crane (U.S.) exports heavy crane equipment to several Chinese dock facilities. Sales are currently 16,000 units per year at the yuan equivalent of USD23,000 each. The Chinese yuan (CNY) has been trading at CNY8.30=USD1.00, but a Hong Kong advisory service predicts the yuan will drop in value next week to CNY9.00 USD1.00, after which it will remain unchanged for at least a decade. Accepting this forecast as given, Richland Crane faces a pricing decision in the face of the impending devaluation. It may either (1) maintain the same yuan price and in effect sell for fewer dollars, in which case Chinese volume will not change; or (2) maintain the same dollar price, raise the yuan price in China to offset the devaluation, and experience a 10% drop in unit volume. Direct costs are 75% of the U.S. sales price. a. What would be the short-run (one-year) impact of each pricing strategy? b. Which do you recommend? a. If Richland Crane maintains the same yuan price and…arrow_forwardRichland Crane (B). Richland Crane (U.S.) exports heavy crane equipment to several Chinese dock facilities. Sales are currently 10,000 units per year at the yuan equivalent of USD24,000 each. The Chinese yuan (CNY) has been trading at CNY8.20= USD1.00, but a Hong Kong advisory service predicts the renminbi will drop in value next week to CNY9.20 = USD1.00, after which it will remain unchanged for at least a decade. Accepting this forecast as given, Richland Crane faces a pricing decision in the face of the impending devaluation. It may either (1) maintain the same yuan price and in effect sell for fewer dollars, in which case Chinese volume will not change; or (2) maintain the same dollar price, raise the yuan price in China to offset the devaluation, and experience a 10% drop in unit volume. Direct costs are 75% of the U.S. sales price. Additionally, financial management believes that if it maintains the same yuan sales price, volume will increase at 12% per annum through year eight.…arrow_forwardRichland Crane (B). Richland Crane (U.S.) exports heavy crane equipment to several Chinese dock facilities. Sales are currently 16,000 units per year at the yuan equivalent of USD25,000 each. The Chinese yuan (CNY) has been trading at CNY8.50 = USD1.00, but a Hong Kong advisory service predicts the renminbi will drop in value next week to CNY9.40 = USD1.00, after which it will remain unchanged for at least a decade. Accepting this forecast as given, Richland Crane faces a pricing decision in the face of the impending devaluation. It may either (1) maintain the same yuan price and in effect sell for fewer dollars, in which case Chinese volume will not change; or (2) maintain the same dollar price, raise the yuan price in China to offset the devaluation, and experience a 10% drop in unit volume. Direct costs are 75% of the U.S. sales price. Additionally, financial management believes that if it maintains the same yuan sales price, volume will increase at 12% per annum through year eight.…arrow_forward
- A Northwest party products manufacturer has production facilities in Spokane, WA and Bangladesh. Both facilities have capacities of 1 million units each per year. The cost of production and distribution of party supplies from Spokane is $1/unit. The cost of production and distribution from Bangladesh is 60 Taka/unit. (Current exchange rate is $1=85 Taka). Over the next two years the exchange rate is expected to strengthen by 10% with a 0.5 probability and weaken by 10% with a probability of 0.5. The expected demand this year is about 1.8 million units. Over the next two years the demand is expected to increase by 10% with a probability of 0.5 and decrease by 5% with a probability of 0.5. If demand is more than the capacity of the two plants then the remaining supplies are acquired from a competitor for $2/unit. What is the NPV of total cost with the current manufacturing setup? The company is considering increasing the capacity of the Bangladesh plant by 500,000 units at a fixed…arrow_forwardA bundle of goods in Japan costs ¥2,642,000 while the same goods and services cost $32,500 in the United States. a. If purchasing power parity holds, what is the current exchange rate of U.S. dollars for yen? b. If, over the next year, inflation is 8 percent in Japan and 10 percent in the United States, what will the goods cost next year? c. Will the dollar depreciate or appreciate relative to the yen over this time period?arrow_forwardLast week, 13 Mexican pesos could purchase one U.S. dollar. This week, it takes 11 Mexican pesos to purchase one U.S. dollar. This change in the value of the dollar will ________ net exports from the United States to Mexico and ________ Mexico aggregate demand. A) increase; increase B) increase; decrease C) decrease; decrease D) decrease; increasearrow_forward
- Suppose a U.S. firm buys $200,000 worth of stereo speaker wire from a Mexican manufacturer for delivery in 60 days with payment to be made in 90 days (30 days after the goods are received). The rising U.S. deficit has caused the dollar to depreciate against the peso recently. The current exchange rate is 5.50 pesos per U.S. dollar. The 90-day forward rate is 5.45 pesos/dollar. The firm goes into the forward market today and buys enough Mexican pesos at the 90-day forward rate to completely cover its trade obligation. Assume the spot rate in 90 days is 5.30 Mexican pesos per U.S. dollar. How much in U.S. dollars did the firm save by eliminating its foreign exchange currency risk with its forward market hedge?arrow_forwardABC Inc. is a US company that is considering moving its manufacturing facility to Mexico. The Mexican subsidiary manufactures toys for kids which will be sold to Mexican households in big cities. The cost to purchase and equip the facility is 20,000,000 Mexican pesos. The company's production, administrative and sales department have supplied the estimates of earnings and annual changes in net working capital, interest rates in Mexico and the US, the current peso/dollar exchange rate as follows: year US interest rate Mexico's interest rate Pesos per dollar Initial investment EBIT Change in net working capital Capital expenditure Unit: Mexican Peso 0 18 -20,000,000 1 2 3 1.50% 1.50% 1.50% 7.25% 7.25% 7.25% 100,000 140,000 948,000 250,000 40,000 40,000 0 0 Perform an NPV analysis to determine whether this is a good investment, under the following assumptions: a) The peso/dollar exchange rate is currently 18pesos/$, and the peso is expected to appreciate/depreciate at a rate justified by…arrow_forwardApple is selling 30,000 units in Europe at an average price of €1,500 per unit. Both the spot and forward exchange rates are $1.20/€. The cost of each unit in dollars is $1,300 per unit. The elasticity of demand for Apple computers in Europe is €= 1.5. Now consider a depreciation of Euro (relative to US dollar) from $1.20/€ to $1.08/€ and assume zero passthrough. What is Apple's exposure? a. $45 million b. $20 million c. €45 million d. €20 millionarrow_forward
- Sing Tao wants to import goods for 2.12 million Australian dollar (A$) and pay to Australian exporter, WA Co., in one year. Sing Tao also wants to minimise its exchange rate risk for the payment of A$2.12 million by taking the money market hedging strategy. Calculate the Chinese yuan (CNY) costs using the money market hedging strategy based on the information in Table 1. (Enter the whole number without sign and symbol). TABLE 1 For Chinese yuan (CNY) Spot rate A$0.3213/CNY One-year forward rate A$0.2381/CNY One-year CNY deposit and borrowing rate 3.21% One-year call options Exercise price = A$0.31 Premium = A$0.02 One-year put options Exercise price = A$0.53 Premium = A$0.03 For Australian dollar (A$) Spot rate CNY3.4201/A$ One-year forward rate CNY1.213/A$ One-year A$ deposit and borrowing rate 2.31% One-year call options Exercise price = CNY2.34 Premium = CNY0.12…arrow_forwardIBM purchased computer chips from Toshiba, a Japanese electronics concern, and was billed ¥250 million payable in three months. Currently, the spot exchange rate is ¥105/$ and the three-month forward rate is ¥100/$. The three-month money market interest rate is 8% per year in the U.S. and 7% per year in Japan. The management of IBM decided to use the money market hedge to deal with this yen account payable. a. Explain the process of a money market hedge from this deal and compute the dollar cost of meeting the yen obligation. b. Conduct the cash flow analysis of the money market hedge.arrow_forwardCase-in-brief - Argentina Currency Devaluation Your company is currently operating in Argentina. Management is concerned to what extent the Argentine peso will be devalued. It wants to examine two scenarios: one where the currency drops 15% and one where it drops 26%. Currently, the exchange rate is 94 pesos (ARS$ 94) to 1 US dollar (US$1). Contribution after marketing in Argentina was 21% of sales (see Exhibit). Your goal is to maintain this percentage. Exhibit: Argentina Contribution after Marketing (ARS$ Argentine Pesos) Unit Sales Manufacturer Sales Costs Gross Margin Total Marketing Cont bution after Marketing Units 46 ARS 325.9 100% 183.3 142.6 73.3 69.3 % 56% 44% 22% 21% QUESTION 1 How would the devaluation of the Argentine peso (ARSS) affect your contribution in the home currency (US$)? Current contribution in USD (home currency): USD $ 0.000 Contribution in USD after 15% drop: USD $ 0.000 Contribution in USD after 26% drop: USD $ 0.000 Millions Million Million Go to last…arrow_forward
- EBK CONTEMPORARY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENTFinanceISBN:9781337514835Author:MOYERPublisher:CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT