The reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait, relative to the unfused condition in crocodiles. Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 3PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait, relative to the unfused condition in crocodiles.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of pentadactyly are homologous in humans and crocodiles.

Introduction: The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of sting of wasp from ovipositor.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of wings and wingless insects.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of some traits in frogs that are very similar to those of their deep ancestors but others that are relatively advanced.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is known as phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

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Examine the image of the relatedness of vertebrates represented in this phylogenetic tree. Which statements are correctly inferred from this tree? Select all that apply. A) The mammals are the outgroup in this tree. B) Birds and dinosaurs share a recent common ancestor. C) Mammals and birds are more closely related than any other species. D) Turtles are equally as diverged from lizards and snakes as they are from crocodiles. E) Lizards and snakes are more recently diverged from each other than they are from crocodiles.

(a) How do you describe the data from the amino acid sequence to anatomical features provided in the cladogram? Are they generally associated with one another? (b) do you agree that the more differences in amino acid sequence, the more closely related organisms are, if yes does that mean they shall be group under the same biological classification? (c) in the molecular data provided, describe how human and rhesus monkey relate with one another (d) why do you think 30 and chicken are different species despite the fact that they have the same sequence of amino acids for cytochrome c protein? help plssss, thank u! thank u!

The figure shows a phylogenetic tree of various members of the order Proboscidea, which includes modern elephants. Which of the following claims is best supported by the information in the figure ? a.The mastodon and the Stegodon diverged from their common ancestor 22 million years ago. b.The common ancestor of the African elephant and the mastodon is the Palaeomastodon. c.The mammoth diverged from its most recent common ancestor with African elephants before the mastodon diverged from its most recent common ancestor with Stegodons. d.The Asian and African elephants are the most closely related species shown on the tree.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 3PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait, relative to the unfused condition in crocodiles.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of pentadactyly are homologous in humans and crocodiles.

Introduction: The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of sting of wasp from ovipositor.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of wings and wingless insects.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of some traits in frogs that are very similar to those of their deep ancestors but others that are relatively advanced.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is known as phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 3PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait, relative to the unfused condition in crocodiles.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of pentadactyly are homologous in humans and crocodiles.

Introduction: The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of sting of wasp from ovipositor.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of wings and wingless insects.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of some traits in frogs that are very similar to those of their deep ancestors but others that are relatively advanced.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is known as phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 2, Problem 3PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait, relative to the unfused condition in crocodiles.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of pentadactyly are homologous in humans and crocodiles.

Introduction: The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of sting of wasp from ovipositor.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of wings and wingless insects.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of some traits in frogs that are very similar to those of their deep ancestors but others that are relatively advanced.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is known as phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

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Answer 5

Chapter 2, Problem 3PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait, relative to the unfused condition in crocodiles.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of pentadactyly are homologous in humans and crocodiles.

Introduction: The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of sting of wasp from ovipositor.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of wings and wingless insects.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

(e)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of some traits in frogs that are very similar to those of their deep ancestors but others that are relatively advanced.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is known as phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

Answer 6

Chapter 2, Problem 3PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait, relative to the unfused condition in crocodiles.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

Answer 7

Chapter 2, Problem 3PDT

(a)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait, relative to the unfused condition in crocodiles.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

Answer 8

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of pentadactyly are homologous in humans and crocodiles.

Introduction: The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

Answer 9

(b)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of pentadactyly are homologous in humans and crocodiles.

Introduction: The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

Answer 10

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of sting of wasp from ovipositor.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

Answer 11

(c)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of the development of sting of wasp from ovipositor.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. Depending upon common antecedents, there are three taxa, namely monophyletic (contains all descents from a common ancestor), paraphyletic (comprises only some descendants of a common ancestor), and polyphyletic (contains species with different ancestors).

Answer 12

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of wings and wingless insects.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

Answer 13

(d)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of wings and wingless insects.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is called phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

Answer 14

(e)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of some traits in frogs that are very similar to those of their deep ancestors but others that are relatively advanced.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is known as phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

Answer 15

(e)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reasons for unstable phylogenetic evidence of some traits in frogs that are very similar to those of their deep ancestors but others that are relatively advanced.

Introduction: Inheritance is the basis of evolution. The study of the evolution of descendants from common ancestors is known as phylogeny. A phylogenetic tree is a diagrammatical analysis of the evolution of an organism.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. 2 - Prob. 1PDT Ch. 2 - Prob. 2PDT Ch. 2 - Prob. 3PDT Ch. 2 - Prob. 4PDT Ch. 2 - Prob. 5PDT

Solution Summary: The author explains that the reason for fusion of hind limb bones during embryonic development of birds is a derived trait, not an ancestral trait.

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