Physics for Scientists and Engineers
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781429281843
Author: Tipler
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 17, Problem 20P
To determine
The average translational kinetic energy of the oxygen and average speed of the nitrogen molecule.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Let us consider a bacterial cell that depends on
chemical reactions using oxygen to produce energy.
The cell needs to obtain molecular oxygen from the
extra-cellular medium by diffusion through the cell
membrane.
We model the cell as a water-filled sphere of radius 1 µm. This means that we neglect the
presence of the internal structures of the cell: nucleus, nutrients, etc. The oxygen diffusion
coefficient (O2) in water at 25°C is 1.0x10-5 cm².s'.
Figure 1: Transmission electron microscope
Reminder: The distance travelled by diffusion can be picture of a bacterium. [from Wikipedia:
written as L(t) = V6Dt, where D is the diffusion
coefficient and t the diffusion time.
"Transmission Electron Microscopy"|
2. Diffusion as a function of time
People have measured the distance travelled by the oxygen molecule in water as a function of
time. The results are given in the table below.
0.1
t(s)
L (x10-“m)
log1o(t)
log10(L)
0.001
0.005
0.01
0.05
2.45
5.4
7.7
17.3
25.5
Draw the plot of L as a…
The average translational kinetic energy for a molecule (Erans) is given
by the following equation:
Etrans =mv?
Where m is the mass of the molecule and v? is the average of the square
of the velocity. Given v2 = 3kT/m where k is the Boltzmann's constant,
calculate the ratio of the kinetic energies at 200 °C and 100 °C
The principal components of the atmosphere of the Earth are diatomic molecules, which can rotate as well as translate. Given that the translational kinetic energy density of the atmosphere is 0.15 J cm−3, what is the total kinetic energy density, including rotation?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Ch. 17 - Prob. 1PCh. 17 - Prob. 2PCh. 17 - Prob. 3PCh. 17 - Prob. 4PCh. 17 - Prob. 5PCh. 17 - Prob. 6PCh. 17 - Prob. 7PCh. 17 - Prob. 8PCh. 17 - Prob. 9PCh. 17 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 17 - Prob. 11PCh. 17 - Prob. 12PCh. 17 - Prob. 13PCh. 17 - Prob. 14PCh. 17 - Prob. 15PCh. 17 - Prob. 16PCh. 17 - Prob. 17PCh. 17 - Prob. 18PCh. 17 - Prob. 19PCh. 17 - Prob. 20PCh. 17 - Prob. 21PCh. 17 - Prob. 22PCh. 17 - Prob. 23PCh. 17 - Prob. 24PCh. 17 - Prob. 25PCh. 17 - Prob. 26PCh. 17 - Prob. 27PCh. 17 - Prob. 28PCh. 17 - Prob. 29PCh. 17 - Prob. 30PCh. 17 - Prob. 31PCh. 17 - Prob. 32PCh. 17 - Prob. 33PCh. 17 - Prob. 34PCh. 17 - Prob. 35PCh. 17 - Prob. 36PCh. 17 - Prob. 37PCh. 17 - Prob. 38PCh. 17 - Prob. 39PCh. 17 - Prob. 40PCh. 17 - Prob. 41PCh. 17 - Prob. 42PCh. 17 - Prob. 43PCh. 17 - Prob. 44PCh. 17 - Prob. 45PCh. 17 - Prob. 46PCh. 17 - Prob. 47PCh. 17 - Prob. 48PCh. 17 - Prob. 49PCh. 17 - Prob. 50PCh. 17 - Prob. 51PCh. 17 - Prob. 52PCh. 17 - Prob. 53PCh. 17 - Prob. 54PCh. 17 - Prob. 55PCh. 17 - Prob. 56PCh. 17 - Prob. 57PCh. 17 - Prob. 58PCh. 17 - Prob. 59PCh. 17 - Prob. 60PCh. 17 - Prob. 61PCh. 17 - Prob. 62PCh. 17 - Prob. 63PCh. 17 - Prob. 64PCh. 17 - Prob. 65PCh. 17 - Prob. 66PCh. 17 - Prob. 67PCh. 17 - Prob. 68PCh. 17 - Prob. 69PCh. 17 - Prob. 70PCh. 17 - Prob. 71PCh. 17 - Prob. 72PCh. 17 - Prob. 73PCh. 17 - Prob. 74PCh. 17 - Prob. 75PCh. 17 - Prob. 76PCh. 17 - Prob. 77PCh. 17 - Prob. 78PCh. 17 - Prob. 79PCh. 17 - Prob. 80P
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How many cubic meters of helium are required to lift a light balloon with a 400-kg payload to a height of 8 000 m? Take Hc = 0.179 kg/m3. Assume the balloon maintains a constant volume and the density of air decreases with the altitude z according to the expression pair = 0e-z/8 000, where z is in meters and 0 = 1.20 kg/m3 is the density of air at sea level.arrow_forwardThe atmospheric pressure on earth is 101kPa. The surface area of the earth is related to its mean radius r which has a value of 6400km. Calculate the mass of the earth’s atmosphere, assuming g does not vary with height above the Earth’s surface. Calculate the number of nitrogen and oxygen molecules present on this atmosphere (take note: molecules).arrow_forwardThe most dangerous particles in polluted air are those with diameters less than 2.5 μm because they can penetrate deeply into the lungs. A 15-cm-tall closed container holds a sample of polluted air containing many spherical particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm and a mass of 2.6 x 10-14 kg. How long does it take for all of the particles to settle to the bottom of the container?arrow_forward
- The aorta pumps blood away from the heart at about 40 cm/scm/s and has a radius of about 1.0 cmcm.It then branches into many capillaries, each with a radius of about 5××10−4−4 cmcm carrying blood at a speed of 0.10 cm/s How many capillaries are there?arrow_forwardWhen coughing, the windpipes contract to increase the velocity of air passing through the windpipe to help clear mucus. The velocity, v, at which the air flows through the windpipe depends on the radius, r of the windpipe. If R is the resting radius of the windpipe, then the velocity of air passing through the windpipe satisfies: v(r)=Ar^2(R−r) where A is a constant dependent on the strength of the diaphram muscles. Find v'(r) and the coordinates of the maxarrow_forwardAtmospheric pressure atop Mt. Everest is 4 2 3.30x10 N/m . (a) What is the partial pressure of oxygen there if it is 20.9% of the air? (b) What percent oxygen should a mountain climber breathe so that its partial pressure is the same as at sea level, where atmospheric pressure is 1.01 × 10^5 N/m^2 ?arrow_forward
- Two containers hold an ideal gas at the same temperature and pressure. Both containers hold the same type of gas but container B has twice the volume of container A. The average translational kinetic energy per molecule in container B is?arrow_forwardThe viscosity (η) of a gas depends on its mass, effective diameter, and average molecular velocity of the gas. Estimate the effective diameter of the methane molecule (CH4) if the η value for helium is ηHe = 2.0 × 10−5 kg / ms and methane is ηCH4 = 1.1 × 10−5 kg / ms at room temperature, and the effective diameter helium is dHe = 2.1 × 10−10 m! A. 2 x 10-8 m B. 4 x 10-10 m C. 2 x 10-10 m D. 4 x 10-8 marrow_forwardBacteria have a density that is about the same as water. Their average velocity is 10^-3 m/s. A bacterium with a radius of 1 um should have a diffusion coefficient of about 2.2x10^-13 m^2/s. (a) Find the random-walk step size (b) How long does it take for an average walk to reach 1 mm in seconds and days? Note that we are considering the diffusion away from the starting point and are calculating the distance through three dimensions. Show your workarrow_forward
- On the surface of a hypothetical planet X, the atmospheric pressure is 4.25 x 106 Pa, and the temperature is 707 K. On the earth's surface the atmospheric pressure is 1.00 x 105 Pa, while the surface temperature can reach 320 K. These data imply that the planet X has a "thicker" atmosphere at its surface than does the earth, which means that the number of molecules per unit volume (N/V) is greater on the surface of planet X than on the earth. Find the ratio (N/V)X/(N/V)Earth.arrow_forwardYou are evaluating two biodegradable polymers, Polymer A and Polymer B, for material to release hormonal birth control. The hormone drug is attached to the polymer backbone and drug is released as the polymer degrades. You collect the following data on drug released from the polymer every 5 days over a 30-day study. State the mechanism by which Polymer A and Polymer B degrades and calculate the rate constant, k, of degradation for Polymer A and Polymer B to 2 significant digits. Show your work and upload your answers. 120% 70% Polymer A Polymer B 100% 60% 50% 80% 40% 60% 30% 40% 20% 20% 10% 0% 0% 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time (days) Time (days) Drug release Drug releasearrow_forwardThe total translational kinetic energy of all the molecules of a given mass of an ideal gas is 1.5 times the product of its pressure and volume.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning