Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 17, Problem 11QP
It is often helpful to draw a complicated pathway in the form of a flow chart to visualize the multiple steps and the ways in which the steps are connected to each other. Draw the antibody-mediated immune response pathway that acts in response to an invading virus.
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Chapter 17 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 17.8 - One treatment for peanut allergies is to give an...Ch. 17.8 - Prob. 2EGCh. 17 - Prob. 1CSCh. 17 - The Joneses were referred to a clinical geneticist...Ch. 17 - The Inflammatory Response Is a General a. What...Ch. 17 - The Complement System Kills Microorganisms The...Ch. 17 - The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense...Ch. 17 - Prob. 4QPCh. 17 - The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6QP
Ch. 17 - Prob. 7QPCh. 17 - The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense...Ch. 17 - Prob. 9QPCh. 17 - The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense...Ch. 17 - It is often helpful to draw a complicated pathway...Ch. 17 - The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense...Ch. 17 - The Adaptive Immune Response Is a Specific Defense...Ch. 17 - Prob. 14QPCh. 17 - Prob. 15QPCh. 17 - Blood Types Are Determined by Cell-Surface...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17QPCh. 17 - Blood Types Are Determined by Cell-Surface...Ch. 17 - Prob. 19QPCh. 17 - Prob. 20QPCh. 17 - Prob. 21QPCh. 17 - Organ Transplants Must Be Immunologically A burn...Ch. 17 - Organ Transplants Must Be Immunologically In the...Ch. 17 - Organ Transplants Must Be Immunologically In the...Ch. 17 - Organ Transplants Must Be Immunologically A couple...Ch. 17 - Prob. 26QPCh. 17 - Disorders of the Immune System Antihistamines are...Ch. 17 - Disorders of the Immune System Autoimmune...Ch. 17 - Prob. 29QPCh. 17 - Prob. 30QPCh. 17 - Prob. 31QP
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- In the antibody-mediated immune response, the binding of some antigen-presenting B cells to helper T cells initiates a signal transduction pathway that transforms the B cells into plasma cells, which will synthesize and secrete large quantities of antibodies-a specialized subset of proteins responsible for attaching to the antigen on the outer surface of pathogens. Which of the following describes the most relevant intracellular change to B cells as they are transformed into plasma cells? A B a breakdown of some membrane-bound proteins to allow synthesized antibodies to more readily diffuse across the membrane of the plasma cell с an increase in the surface area of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in order to allow the binding of a large number of ribosomes for antibody synthesis D an increase in the number of lysosomes in order to facilitate the storage of synthesized antibodies ahead of their transport out of the cell an increase in the volume of the mitochondria in order to increase…arrow_forwardAlthough the complement cascade can be initiated by antibodies bound to the surface of a pathogen, complement activation is generally considered to be an innate immune response. This is because: Two of the three pathways for complement activation are initiated by constitutively produced recognition molecules that directly interact with microbial surfaces. When the complement cascade leads to the formation of a membrane-attack complex, the pathogen is killed. Several of the soluble products generated by complement activation lead promote the inflammatory response. Complement proteins bound to the pathogen promote uptake and destruction by phagocytic cells. The C3 convertase is only produced when complement activation is initiated by antibody binding to a pathogen.arrow_forwardDraw a schematic diagram of a typical IgG molecule and label each of the following parts: H chains, L chains, intrachain disulfide bonds, hinge, Fab, Fc, and all the domains. Indicate which domains are involved in antigen binding.arrow_forward
- Opsonization of pathogens by both antibodies and complement proteins (C3b) leads to uptake and destruction of the pathogen by phagocytic cells that express both Fc receptors and complement receptors. Which of the following in the figure below is the most efficient form of dual opsonization of the pathogen by antibody and C3b to maximize phagocytosis?arrow_forwardc) State some of the features that cross the cell membrane and make "porin proteins" specific. d) Briefly clarify the concepts of "acylation", "prenylation" and "GPI stabilizer" in the context of membrane protein interactions. e) When determining ABO Blood Groups, give information about which blood group data can be obtained depending on the interaction of which antigens in the red blood cell and which antibodies in the serum.arrow_forwardSomatic cells can display antigen [small peptides] and present them to the body’s immunesystem via their MHC/HLA receptor displays. Discuss the paths for MHC/HLA1 vs. MHC/HLA2display. How do these two paths fit into the health of the body, and the response of theimmune system to normal/disease/infection?arrow_forward
- Antibody binding to a pathogen surface is greatly enhanced when both antigen-binding sites of the antibody are engaged at once, a feature known as bivalent binding. It is possible for antibodies to bind bivalently to a wide variety of components on many different pathogen surfaces due to the flexibility in the protein at the hinge region and at the V–C junction.arrow_forwardIs this statement is correct or incorrect. Explain with reason and related physiological concepts. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can be found on the plasma membrane of macrophages.arrow_forwardWhen surface barriers protecting the body are breached, the second line of defense (of the innate immune system) is activated. These internal defenses include inflammation and phagocytosis amongst other quick responses. Briefly explain acute inflammation in terms of vascular and cellular events. Use your understanding of blood vessels (smooth muscle and endothelial cells), chemical signalling and the interstitial space to help explain the four signs of inflammation - heat, redness, pain and swelling.arrow_forward
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