Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134421377
Author: Charles H Corwin
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 7ST
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The changes listed that has no effect on the equilibrium for the reversible reaction is to be identified.
Concept introduction:
A reaction is said to be in equilibrium if the rate at which the forward reaction takes place becomes equal to the rate at which the backward reaction takes place. If any of the factors that affect the equilibrium changes, then the reaction shifts in either forward or backward direction so that the equilibrium condition is reestablished.
According to the Le Chatelier’s principle the change in concentration, volume, pressure and temperature affects the equilibrium of the reaction.
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Equilibrium
Write the equilibrium expressions for the following reactions:a) 3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g) ↔ Fe3O4(s) + 4H2(g)b) CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l) ↔ CH3COO-(aq) + H3O+(aq)c) N2(g) + 3Br2(g) ↔ 2NBr3(s)d) CaCl2(s) ↔ Ca2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
Consider the following equilibrium:
CH3COOH(l) + C2H5OH(l) ↔ CH3CO2C2H5(l) + H2O(l) Keq =2.2
What must the concentration of water be for a mixture with [CH3COOH]= 0.10M, [CH3CO2C2H5]=2.0M, [C2H5OH]= 5.0M to be at equilibrium? Note: water is NOT the solvent in this reaction, therefore it will be included in the equilibrium expression.
3. Predict the direction of the following equilibrium shifts (Please label Forward (F) or Reverse (R)):
a) H2O (g) + CO(g)↔ H2(g) + CO2(g)
Water is removed? ___Hydrogen is added? ___Carbon monoxide is added? ___b) 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) ↔ 2Fe2O3(s) + 1648 kJThe temperature is increased? ___The pressure is increased? ___c) CaCl2(aq) ↔ Ca2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)
NaCl is added? ___AgNO3 is added? ___
Ammonia is a weak base that reacts with water according to this equation:
NH3(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ NH4+(aq) + OH −(aq)
Will any of the following increase the percent of ammonia that is converted to the ammonium ion in water?
(a) Addition of NaOH (b) Addition of HCl (c) Addition of NH4Cl.
Le Chatelier’s Principle states that when a system is at equilibrium it is subjected to stress, the system will shift its equilibrium point in order to relieve the stress. Complete the following chart by indicating the shift for the equilibrium (⤾or⤿) and whether the other values increase (↑), decrease (↓) or remain unchanged (-).
Chapter 16 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking (8th Edition)
Ch. 16 - Prob. 1CECh. 16 - Prob. 2CECh. 16 - Prob. 3CECh. 16 - Prob. 4CECh. 16 - Prob. 5CECh. 16 - Prob. 6CECh. 16 - Prob. 7CECh. 16 - Prob. 8CECh. 16 - Prob. 9CECh. 16 - Prob. 10CE
Ch. 16 - Prob. 1KTCh. 16 - Prob. 2KTCh. 16 - Prob. 3KTCh. 16 - Prob. 4KTCh. 16 - Prob. 5KTCh. 16 - Prob. 6KTCh. 16 - Prob. 7KTCh. 16 - Prob. 8KTCh. 16 - Prob. 9KTCh. 16 - Prob. 10KTCh. 16 - Prob. 11KTCh. 16 - Prob. 12KTCh. 16 - Prob. 13KTCh. 16 - Prob. 14KTCh. 16 - Prob. 15KTCh. 16 - Prob. 16KTCh. 16 - Prob. 17KTCh. 16 - Prob. 18KTCh. 16 - Prob. 1ECh. 16 - Prob. 2ECh. 16 - Prob. 3ECh. 16 - Prob. 4ECh. 16 - Prob. 5ECh. 16 - Prob. 6ECh. 16 - Prob. 7ECh. 16 - Prob. 8ECh. 16 - Prob. 9ECh. 16 - Prob. 10ECh. 16 - Prob. 11ECh. 16 - Prob. 12ECh. 16 - Prob. 13ECh. 16 - Prob. 14ECh. 16 - Prob. 15ECh. 16 - Prob. 16ECh. 16 - Prob. 17ECh. 16 - Prob. 18ECh. 16 - Prob. 19ECh. 16 - Prob. 20ECh. 16 - Prob. 21ECh. 16 - Prob. 22ECh. 16 - Prob. 23ECh. 16 - Prob. 24ECh. 16 - Prob. 25ECh. 16 - Prob. 26ECh. 16 - Prob. 27ECh. 16 - Prob. 28ECh. 16 - Prob. 29ECh. 16 - Prob. 30ECh. 16 - Prob. 31ECh. 16 - Prob. 32ECh. 16 - Prob. 33ECh. 16 - Prob. 34ECh. 16 - Prob. 35ECh. 16 - Prob. 36ECh. 16 - Prob. 37ECh. 16 - Prob. 38ECh. 16 - Prob. 39ECh. 16 - Prob. 40ECh. 16 - Prob. 41ECh. 16 - Prob. 42ECh. 16 - Prob. 43ECh. 16 - Prob. 44ECh. 16 - Prob. 45ECh. 16 - Prob. 46ECh. 16 - Prob. 47ECh. 16 - Prob. 48ECh. 16 - Prob. 1STCh. 16 - Prob. 2STCh. 16 - Prob. 3STCh. 16 - Prob. 4STCh. 16 - Prob. 5STCh. 16 - Prob. 6STCh. 16 - Prob. 7STCh. 16 - Prob. 8STCh. 16 - Prob. 9STCh. 16 - Prob. 10STCh. 16 - Prob. 11STCh. 16 - Prob. 12STCh. 16 - Prob. 13STCh. 16 - Prob. 14STCh. 16 - Prob. 15ST
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- Describe any thermochemical (heat of reaction) evidence for the Arrhenius concept.arrow_forwardConsider the system 4NH3(g)+3O2(g)2N2(g)+6H2O(l)H=1530.4kJ (a) How will the concentration of ammonia at equilibrium be affected by (1) removing O2(g)? (2) adding N2(g)? (3) adding water? (4) expanding the container? (5) increasing the temperature? (b) Which of the above factors will increase the value of K? Which will decrease it?arrow_forwardFor the following reactions, predict whether the pressure of the reactants or products increases or remains the same when the volume of the reaction vessel is increased. (a) H2O(l)H2O(g) (b) N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) (c) C2H4(g)+H2O(g)C2H5OH(g)arrow_forward
- Acetic acid is a weak acid that reacts with water according to this equation: CH3CO2H(aq)+H2O(aq)H3O+(aq)+CH3CO2(aq) Will any of the following increase the percent of acetic acid that reacts and produces CH3CO2 ion? (a) Addition of HCI (b) Addition of NaOH (c) Addition of NaCH3CO2arrow_forwardConsider the system 4NH3(g)+3O2(g)2N2(g)+6H2O(l)H=1530.4kJ (a) How will the amount of ammonia at equilibrium be affected by 1. removing O2(g)? 2. adding N2(g)? 3. adding water? 4. expanding the container at constant pressure? 5. increasing the temperature? (b) Which of the above factors will increase the value of K? Which will decrease it?arrow_forwardWhich direction of the equilibrium 2NO2(g)N2O4(g)+59.0kJ will be favored if the system is cooled? Explain.arrow_forward
- Use Le Chteliers principle to predict the direction of the equilibrium shift in the following equilibria when the indicated stress is applied: a. Ag+(aq)+Cl(aq)AgCl(s); some Ag+ is removed. b. 2HI(g)+heatH2(g)+I2(g); the system is heated. c. 6Cu(s)+N2(g)+heat2Cu3N(s); the system is cooled and some N2 is removed.arrow_forwardUse Le Chteliers principle to predict the direction of equilibrium shift in the following equilibria when the indicated stress is applied: a. 2A+B+heatC; some A is removed. b. 2A+B+heatC+D; the system is cooled. c. N2O42NO2; some NO2 is removed.arrow_forwardConsider the reaction below: 4HCI (g) 0:(g) 2C1: (g) + 2H₂O(g) Predict the direction of the equilibrium if: (a) Cl; is added to the equilibrium. (b) A small amount of HCI is reduced to the equilibrium. (c) Temperature of the system is increased. (d) Pressure of the system is decreased. AH+320 kJmol (4 maarrow_forward
- Write the equilibrium constant expression for this reaction: 2 H* (aq) + C₂0 (aq) H₂C₂O4(aq) X Sarrow_forwardWhat is the numerical value of Keq is the equilibrium concentrations are as follows? [A] = 0.45 M, [B] = 0.75 M, [C] = 0.50 M 3 A (aq) = 2 B (aq) + C (aq)arrow_forwardConsider the following chemical reaction at equilibrium: HF(aq) + H20(1) = H;O*(aq) + F(aq) If one drop of aqueous hydrochloric acid (HCI) is added, how will Keq for the reaction change? A) increase B) decrease C) stay the samearrow_forward
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