Large quantities of hydrogen are needed for the synthesis of ammonia. One preparation of hydrogen involves the reaction between carbon monoxide and steam at 300°C in the presence of a copper-zinc catalyst:
Calculate the equilibrium constant (Kp) for the reaction and the temperature at which the reaction favors the formation of CO and H2O.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 15 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
- Adenosine triphosphate, ATP, is used as a free-energy source by biological cells. (See the essay on page 624.) ATP hydrolyzes in the presence of enzymes to give ADP: ATP(aq)+H2O(l)ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq);G=30.5kJ/molat25C Consider a hypothetical biochemical reaction of molecule A to give molecule B: A(aq)B(aq);G=+15.0kJ/molat25C Calculate the ratio [B]/[A] at 25C at equilibrium. Now consider this reaction coupled to the reaction for the hydrolysis of ATP: A(aq)+ATP(aq)+H2O(l)B(aq)+ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq) If a cell maintains a high ratio of ATP to ADP and H2PO4 by continuously making ATP, the conversion of A to B can be made highly spontaneous. A characteristic value of this ratio is [ATP][ADP][H2PO4]=500 Calculate the ratio [B][A] in this case and compare it with the uncoupled reaction. Compared with the uncoupled reaction, how much larger is this ratio when coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP?arrow_forwardHydrogen gas and iodine gas react to form hydrogen iodide. If 0.500 mol H2 and 1.00 mol I2 are placed in a closed 10.0-L vessel, what is the mole fraction of HI in the mixture when equilibrium is reached at 205C? Use data from Appendix C and any reasonable approximations to obtain K.arrow_forwardA crucial reaction for the production of synthetic fuels is the production of H2 by the reaction of coal with steam. The chemical reaction is C(s) + H2O(g) CO(g) + H2(g) (a) Calculate rG for this reaction at 25 C, assuming C(s) is graphite. (b) Calculate Kp for the reaction at 25 C. (c) Is the reaction predicted to be product-favored at equilibrium at 25 C? If not, at what temperature will it become so?arrow_forward
- The standard equilibrium constant is 2.1109for this reaction at 25 C Zn2+(aq)+4NH3(aq)Zn(NH3)42+(aq) (a) Calculate rG at this temperature. (b) If standard-state concentrations of the reactants andproducts are combined, in which direction will the reaction proceed? (c) Calculate rG when [Zn(NH3)42+] = 0.010 M, [Zn2+] =0.0010 M, and [NH3] = 3.5104M.arrow_forwardSilver carbonate, Ag2CO3, is a light yellow compound that decomposes when heated to give silver oxide and carbon dioxide: Ag2CO3(s)Ag2O(s)+CO2(g) A researcher measured the partial pressure of carbon dioxide over a sample of silver carbonate at 220C and found that it was 1.37 atm. Calculate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide at 25C. The standard enthalpies of formation of silver carbonate and silver oxide at 25C are 505.9 kJ/mol and 31.05 kJ/mol, respectively. Make any reasonable assumptions in your calculations. State the assumptions that you make, and note why you think they are reasonable.arrow_forwardFor each reaction, an equilibrium constant at 298 K is given. Calculate G for each reaction. (a) Br2()+ H2(g)2HBr(g) KP = 4.4 1018 (b) H2O()H2O(g) KP = 3.17 102 (c) N2(g) +3H2(g)2NH3(g) Kc = 3.5 108arrow_forward
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning