MARINE BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781259880032
Author: CASTRO
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Chapter 12, Problem 3CT
Some of the organic material manufactured in estuarine communities is exported to other ecosystems. What type of ecosystems receive this material? How is this material transported?
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An estimated 1000 kg of plant plankton are needed to produce 100 kg of animal plankton. The animal plankton is in turned consumed by 10 kg of fish, the amount needed by a person to gain 1 kg of body mass.
i) explain why the amount of biomass declines at each successive trophic level.
Nutrient cycling in aquatic vs terrestrial systems differ because:
a) Aquatic systems store lower proportions of carbon and nutrients in detritus than terrestrial systems
b) Water flow alters how nutrients move within streams, which affects nutrient retentiveness
c) both
d) neither
One of the lessons from a pyramid of production is that _____.
A) eating grain-fed beef is an inefficient means of obtaining the energy trapped by photosynthesis
B) the energy lost as heat or lost in cellular respiration is 10% of the available energy of each trophic level
C) only one-half of the energy in one trophic level is passed on to the next level
D) most of the energy from one trophic level is incorporated into the biomass of the next level
E) production efficiency is highest for primary consumers
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Decomposers are associated with which class of food web? a. grazing b. detrital c. inverted d. aquaticarrow_forwardThe practice of crop rotation uses nitrogen fixation to create fertile fields. First, a plant without a nitrogen-fixing relationship, such as corn, is planted. After the harvest, a nitrogen-fixing plant replaces the initial crop. Instead of harvesting the nitrogen-fixing plant, however, it is plowed under. The cycle continues in this manner. Which of the following is not an abiotic factor that affects plants being used in crop rotation? a) NH3 availability b) Soil temperature c) Herbivore density d) Oxygen concentrationarrow_forwardWhich statement offers the best explanation of how deforesting hubbard brooks watershed (W2) affected the nitrogen cycle? 1. Denitrification rates increased, resulting in a decrease in the export of ammonium 2. Microbial immobilization rates increased, resulting in a decline in stream nitrogen 3. Mineralization rates increased, causing the export of ammonium to increase 4. plant uptake nitrogen stopped, resulting in an increase in the export of nitratearrow_forward
- 56) To recycle nutrients, an ecosystem must have, at a minimum, A) producers. B) producers and decomposers. C) producers, primary consumers, and decomposers. D) producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, and decomposers. E) producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, top carnivores, and decomposers. 57) Which of the following is an example of bioremediation? A) bulldozing the land around an abandoned strip mine to combat erosion B) scraping a river bottom with a tool to remove contaminated sediments C) reconfiguring a river channel to increase the flow of water down a river D) using microorganisms to eat oil in marine waters after a tanker oil spillarrow_forwardStudies of the deep subsurface have also identifiedheterotrophic populations. What types and sources ofnutrients are available to those organisms?arrow_forwardRefer to Fig. 5.5. and redraw the important transformations of fixed nitrogen in ecosystems. Note the following processes: biological N fixation, non-biological N-fixation, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification. Reference: https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/environmentalscience/chapter/chapter-5-flows-and-cycles-of-nutrients/arrow_forward
- What is organic waste and why is it importnant to have less organic wastearrow_forwardGive an example of an inorganic nutrient pollutant. What is its effect on the aquatic environment?arrow_forwardWhich among A-D is not a step in the eutrophication process? A) O rapid growth of algae and cyanobacteria B) O influx of excess nutrients to an aquatic environment, particularly nitrogen and phosphorous C) O heterotrophic, aerobic respiration D) O eventual increase in the numbers of fish and other aquatic life due to the rise m oxygen concentration of the water E) OA-D are all a part of eutrophicationarrow_forward
- 1) A scientist finds that the gross primary productivity of the grasslands of the central United States is 55 g / m2 / year. If the respiration loss is 33 g / m2 / year, what is the net primary productivity? a) subtraction from gross productivity and respiration.b) The same as primary productivity.c) The value of respiration.d) The sum of gross primary productivity and respiration.arrow_forwardAnswer these questions A) State effects of acid rain B) What are the effects of primary and secondary pollutants? C) What are the factors that increase the primary and secondary pollutants? C) State natural sources of primary pollutants?arrow_forwardWhen a salmon carcass rots in a riparian forest and the nitrogen is released into the environment, it contributes to this flux in the nitrogen cycle: mineralization denitrification nitrogen immobilization Onitrogen fixation nitrificationarrow_forward
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