Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399425
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 21QAP
What is a dipole moment? Give four examples of molecules that possess dipole moments, and draw the direction of the dipole as shown in Section 12.3.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
6. Methanoic acid (look it up in the book) has one carbon-oxygen bond of 1.36 Angstroms, and one
of 1.23 Angstroms. The methanoate ion (the product of the acid giving up the hydrogen) has
two identical C-O bonds. Explain this using Lewis structures.
7. Dissolving a c
Step 1 – Write the Lewis structure from the molecular formula.Step 2 – Assign an electron-group arrangement by counting all electron groups (bonding plus nonbonding) around the central atom (or around each centralatom, if more than one central atom in structure).Step 3 – Predict the ideal bond angle from the electron-group arrangement and the effect of any deviation caused by lone pairs or double bonds.Step 4 – Name the molecular shape by counting bonding groups and nonbonding groups separately.Step 5 – Predict whether the molecule is polar or nonpolarStep 6 – Describe the hybridization around the central atom and identify the total number of σ and π bonds in the structure
Compare the dipole moments of the following pairs of molecules and determine whether the first is "Greater Than", "Less Than" or "Equal to" the second. The dipole moment of AsF3 is ... the dipole moment of AsF5 The dipole moment of ICl is ... dipole moment of IF The dipole moment of H2O is ... the dipole moment of H2S The dipole moment of ClO2 is ... the dipole moment of SO2The Dipole moment of SO2 is ... the dipole moment of SO3
Chapter 12 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Ch. 12.2 - use differences in electronegativity to account...Ch. 12.2 - trong>Exercise 12.1 For each of the following...Ch. 12.5 - ns have different radii than their parent atoms....Ch. 12.6 - trong>Exercise 12.2 Write the Lewis structure for...Ch. 12.7 - trong>Exercise 12.3 Ozone is a very important...Ch. 12.7 - trong>Exercise 12.4 Write the Lewis structures...Ch. 12.9 - u have seen that molecules with four electron...Ch. 12.9 - Prob. 12.5SCCh. 12 - sing only the periodic table, predict the most...Ch. 12 - rite the proper charges so that an alkali metal, a...
Ch. 12 - hat is meant by a chemical bond?Ch. 12 - hy do atoms form bonds with one another? What can...Ch. 12 - ow does a bond between Naand Cldiffer from a bond...Ch. 12 - n your own words, what is meant by the term...Ch. 12 - xplain the difference between ionic bonding and...Ch. 12 - rue or false? In general, a larger atom has a...Ch. 12 - hy is there an octet rule (and what does actet...Ch. 12 - Does a Lewis structure tell which electrons came...Ch. 12 - If lithium and fluorine react, which has more...Ch. 12 - In a bond between fluorine and iodine, which has...Ch. 12 - We use differences in electronegative to account...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14ALQCh. 12 - Why do we only the consider the valence electrons...Ch. 12 - How do we determine the total number of valence...Ch. 12 - What is the main idea in the valence shell...Ch. 12 - The molecules NH3andBF3have the same general...Ch. 12 - How do we deal with multiple bonds in VSEPR...Ch. 12 - In Section 12.10 of your text, the term “effective...Ch. 12 - Prob. 21ALQCh. 12 - Prob. 22ALQCh. 12 - Prob. 1QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 2QAPCh. 12 - hat sorts of elements react to form ionic...Ch. 12 - n general terms, what is a covalent bond?Ch. 12 - escribe the type of bonding that exists in the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6QAPCh. 12 - he relative ability of an atom in a molecule to...Ch. 12 - hat does it mean to say that a bond is polar? Give...Ch. 12 - Prob. 9QAPCh. 12 - What factor determines the relative level of...Ch. 12 - In each of the following groups, which element is...Ch. 12 - In each of the following groups. which element is...Ch. 12 - On the basis. of the electronegativity values...Ch. 12 - On the basis of the electronegativity values given...Ch. 12 - Which of the following molecules contain polar...Ch. 12 - Which of the following molecules contain polar...Ch. 12 - On the basis of the electronegativity values given...Ch. 12 - On the basis of the electronegativity values given...Ch. 12 - Which brand in each of the following pairs has the...Ch. 12 - Which hand in each of the following pairs has less...Ch. 12 - What is a dipole moment? Give four examples of...Ch. 12 - Why is the presence of a dipole moment in the...Ch. 12 - In each of the following diatomic molecules, which...Ch. 12 - In each of the following diatomic molecules. which...Ch. 12 - For each of the following bonds, draw a figure...Ch. 12 - For each of the following bonds, draw a figure...Ch. 12 - For each of the following bonds, draw a figure...Ch. 12 - For each of the following bonds, draw a figure...Ch. 12 - What does it mean when we say that in forming...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30QAPCh. 12 - Nonmetals form negative ions by (losing/gaining)...Ch. 12 - Explain how the atoms in covalent molecules...Ch. 12 - Which simple ion would each of the following...Ch. 12 - Which simple ion would each of the following...Ch. 12 - For each of the following numbers of electrons,...Ch. 12 - What is the expected ground—state electron...Ch. 12 - On the basis of their electron configurations,...Ch. 12 - On the basis of their electron configurations,...Ch. 12 - Name the noble gas atom that has the same electron...Ch. 12 - Atoms form ions so as to achieve electron...Ch. 12 - Prob. 41QAPCh. 12 - Describe in general terms the structure of ionic...Ch. 12 - Why are cations always smaller than the atoms from...Ch. 12 - Why are anions always larger than the atoms from...Ch. 12 - For each of the following pairs, indicate which...Ch. 12 - Prob. 46QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 47QAPCh. 12 - For each of the following pairs, indicate which is...Ch. 12 - Why are the valence electrons of an atom the only...Ch. 12 - Explain what the “duet" and “octet” rules are and...Ch. 12 - What type of structure must each atom in a...Ch. 12 - When elements in the second and third periods...Ch. 12 - How many electrons are involved when two atoms in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 54QAPCh. 12 - Write the simple Lewis structure for each of the...Ch. 12 - Write the simple Lewis structure for each of the...Ch. 12 - Give the total number of valence electrons in each...Ch. 12 - Give the total number of valence electrons in each...Ch. 12 - Write a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 12 - Write a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 12 - Write a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 12 - Which of the following species exhibits resonance?...Ch. 12 - The “Chemistry in Focus“ segment Broccoli—Miracle...Ch. 12 - The “Chemistry in Focus" segment Hiding Carbon...Ch. 12 - Write a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 12 - Write a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 12 - Write a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 12 - Write a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 12 - What is the geometric structure of the water...Ch. 12 - What is the geometric sanctum of the ammonia...Ch. 12 - What is the geometric structure of the boron...Ch. 12 - What is the geometric structure of the...Ch. 12 - Why is the geometric structure of a molecule...Ch. 12 - Prob. 74QAPCh. 12 - How is the structure around a given atom related...Ch. 12 - Why are all diatomic molecules linear, regardless...Ch. 12 - Although the valence electron pairs in ammonia...Ch. 12 - Although both the BF3and NF3molecules contain the...Ch. 12 - For the indicated atom in each of the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 80QAPCh. 12 - Using the VSEPR theory, predict the molecular...Ch. 12 - Prob. 82QAPCh. 12 - Using the VSEPR theory, predict the molecular...Ch. 12 - Using the VSEPR theory, predict the molecular...Ch. 12 - For each of the following molecules or ions,...Ch. 12 - For each of the following molecules or ion....Ch. 12 - The “Chemistry in Focus" segment Taste—It's the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 88QAPCh. 12 - Prob. 89APCh. 12 - In ionic bonding, the electrons are shared between...Ch. 12 - The geometric arrangement of electron pairs around...Ch. 12 - Prob. 92APCh. 12 - Prob. 93APCh. 12 - Which of the following statements is false...Ch. 12 - Prob. 95APCh. 12 - For each of the following pairs of elements,...Ch. 12 - On the basis of the electronegativity values given...Ch. 12 - Which of the following molecules contain polar...Ch. 12 - Prob. 99APCh. 12 - Prob. 100APCh. 12 - or each of the following bonds, draw a figure...Ch. 12 - Prob. 102APCh. 12 - Prob. 103APCh. 12 - Prob. 104APCh. 12 - hich noble gas has the same electron configuration...Ch. 12 - Prob. 106APCh. 12 - rite the Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 108APCh. 12 - rite a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 110APCh. 12 - rite a Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 112APCh. 12 - hy is the molecular structure of H2Ononlinear,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 114APCh. 12 - sing the VSEPR theory, predict the molecular...Ch. 12 - Prob. 116APCh. 12 - or each of the following molecules, indicate the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 118APCh. 12 - Prob. 119APCh. 12 - Prob. 120APCh. 12 - Prob. 121APCh. 12 - Classify the bonding in each of the following...Ch. 12 - ompare the electronegativities of each pair of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 124CPCh. 12 - rrange the atoms and/or ions in the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 126CPCh. 12 - Prob. 127CPCh. 12 - he formulas of several chemical substances are...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1CRCh. 12 - hat does temperature measure? Are the molecules in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3CRCh. 12 - Prob. 4CRCh. 12 - Prob. 5CRCh. 12 - hat is the enthalpy change for a process? Is...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7CRCh. 12 - Prob. 8CRCh. 12 - Prob. 9CRCh. 12 - What is a driving force? Name two common and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CRCh. 12 - Methane, CH4, is the major component of natural...Ch. 12 - What is electronegative radiation? Give some...Ch. 12 - Prob. 14CRCh. 12 - Do atoms in excited states emit radiation...Ch. 12 - Prob. 16CRCh. 12 - Schrodinger and de Broglie suggested a...Ch. 12 - Describe the general characteristics of the first...Ch. 12 - Prob. 19CRCh. 12 - Describe the sublevels and orbitals that...Ch. 12 - Describe electron spin. How does electron spin...Ch. 12 - Prob. 22CRCh. 12 - List the order in which the orbitals are filled as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 24CRCh. 12 - Prob. 25CRCh. 12 - Prob. 26CRCh. 12 - What are the representative elements? In what...Ch. 12 - Prob. 28CRCh. 12 - Prob. 29CRCh. 12 - Prob. 30CRCh. 12 - Prob. 31CRCh. 12 - Prob. 32CRCh. 12 - Prob. 33CRCh. 12 - Prob. 34CRCh. 12 - Give evidence that ionic bonds are very strong....Ch. 12 - Prob. 36CRCh. 12 - Prob. 37CRCh. 12 - For three simple molecules of your own choice,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 39CRCh. 12 - Prob. 40CRCh. 12 - Prob. 41CRCh. 12 - Prob. 42CRCh. 12 - Prob. 43CRCh. 12 - Prob. 44CRCh. 12 - Prob. 45CRCh. 12 - Prob. 46CRCh. 12 - Which of the following statements is correct and...Ch. 12 - Hydrogen gas and oxygen gas react violently to...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is the most polar bond in the molecule?arrow_forward- Draw Lewis structures for each of the following. Give the total number of valence electrons, select from the lists the number of Regions of Electron Density (REDs) around the central atom, the molecular shape, and the bond angles. - Do not put covalent bonds between metals and nonmetals. - Put brackets around anions to show both charge and quantity. Shapes tetrahedral pyramidal bent trigonal planar linear diatomic monatomic ions Bond Types nonpolar covalent polar covalent nonpolar & polar covalent ionic ionic & covalent Type of molecule Nonpolar Polar Ionic 5. C2Cl2 valence e-1 = shape= type of bonds = type of molecule = 6. AICI3 valence e-1 for one Cl-1 = shape= type of bonds = type of molecule = 7. K3PO3 valence e-1 = shape= type of bonds = type of molecule = 8. KH2PO3 valence e-1 = shape at the P= type of bonds = type of molecule = dicarbon dichloride aluminum chloride potassium phosphite potassium dihydrogen phosphitearrow_forward- Draw Lewis structures for each of the following. Give the total number of valence electrons, select from the lists the number of Regions of Electron Density (REDs) around the central atom, the molecular shape, and the bond angles. - Do not put covalent bonds between metals and nonmetals. - Put brackets around anions to show both charge and quantity. Shapes tetrahedral pyramidal bent trigonal planar linear diatomic monatomic ions Bond Types nonpolar covalent polar covalent nonpolar & polar covalent ionic ionic & covalent Type of molecule Nonpolar Polar lonic 1. HCC13 valence e-1 = shape= type of bonds = type of molecule = 2. SCI2 valence e-1 = shape= type of bonds = type of molecule = 3. P204 valence e-1 = shape= type of bonds = type of molecule = 4. N2O4 valence e-1 = shape= type of bonds = type of molecule = hydrogen carbon trichloride sulfur dichloride diphosphorus tetroxide dinitrogen tetroxidearrow_forward
- Explain Drawing a Lewis Structure for a Simple Molecule ?arrow_forwardDraw the Lewis structure of chlorine pentafluoride. Identify BOTH its electron pair and molecular geometries. If an overall dipole moment is present, draw the arrow.arrow_forwardPart 1) If 3.36 moles of N2 and 3.90 moles of H2 are combined under, which would be considered the limiting reactant? Part 2) How many grams of NH will be formed during the reaction? Part 3) In sufficient detail, describe the most valid Lewis structure of NH3 (types of bonds, presence of unbonded electrons, existence of any formal charges etc.), then specify its molecular geometry. Based on the reaction to form ammonia (NH3arrow_forward
- The element sulphur has atomic number 16. Sulphur forms a molecular compound with chloride with a molecular formula SCl2. The atomic number of chlorine is 17. 1. Write down the electronic configuration of a sulphur atom and a chlorine atom. 2. Draw a Lewis structure of an SCl2 molecule, by showing the electrons in the outer shells of the atoms. 3. State how many bond pairs and lone pairs of electrons are arranged around the sulphur atoms in SCl2 molecule. 4. Sketch the shape and state the molecular geometry of SCl2 molecule. 5. Explain the hybridisation of the central atom in SCl2 molecule. 6.Explain the intermolecular forces exists in SCl2 molecule.arrow_forwardConsider the perchlorate (CIO). anion. What is the central atom? Enter its chemical symbol. How many lone pairs are around the central atom? What is the ideal angle between the chlorine-oxygen bonds? Compared to the ideal angle, you would expect the actual angle between the chlorine-oxygen bonds to be... 0 0 (choose one) Xarrow_forwardPlease note that "geometry" refers to the molecular or ionic geometry. H-N-H A. The Lewis diagram for NH3 is: The electron-pair geometry around the N atom in NH3 is There are lone pair(s) around the central atom, so the geometry of NH3 is B. The Lewis diagram for AsO2 is: Recall that for predicting geometry, double and triple bonds count as only one electron pair. The electron-pair geometry around the As atom in Aso2 is There are lone pair(s) around the central atom, so the geometry of AsO2 is Submit Answer Retry Entire Group 9 more group attempts remaining Previous Next Email Instructor Save and Exit Cengage Learning | Cengage Technical Supportarrow_forward
- what is resonance hybrid in chemistry? give an example.arrow_forwardPart A) Consider the structural changes that occur in the following molecules. Begin by drawing the best Lewis Structure for each of the following molecules. BH3 CH4 NH3 H2O HF Part B)What are the ideal bond angles for each structure, and which are expected to be distorted? For the ones that are distorted look up on the internet and record their experimental values here: Part C)According to Lewis and VSEPR theory, why do these changes occur?arrow_forwardReview Question 11.28 In a polar covalent bond, how do you determine which atom has a partial negative charge (5-) and which has a partial positive charge (8+)? The more electronegative atom in the bond between two atoms will more strongly attract electrons so it will have a partial charge because the charge. The less electronegative atom will have a partial bonding pair of electrons has been pulled away by the more electronegative atom.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
World of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
World of Chemistry, 3rd edition
Chemistry
ISBN:9781133109655
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399425
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079250
Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed Peters
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry
ISBN:9781337399074
Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Stoichiometry - Chemistry for Massive Creatures: Crash Course Chemistry #6; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL1jmJaUkaQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Bonding (Ionic, Covalent & Metallic) - GCSE Chemistry; Author: Science Shorts;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9MA6Od-zBA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
General Chemistry 1A. Lecture 12. Two Theories of Bonding.; Author: UCI Open;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLTlL9Z1bh0;License: CC-BY