Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781259709227
Author: Marjorie Kelly Cowan Professor, Heidi Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12, Problem 17Q
Summary Introduction

To determine:

Smokers have a high chance of respiratory infection and smoking has to invoke aspects of the first line of defense.

Concept introduction:

The immune system includes three lines of defense against foreign particle. It is a network of cells, tissues, and organs that protect the body from infection and disease. It has three lines of a defense system against pathogen first, a second and third line of the defense system.

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Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach

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