Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337613316
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 6E
Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) conducted a series of studies comparing the effectiveness of taking classroom notes on laptops versus writing longhand. In one study, students were instructed to use their normal classroom note taking strategy using either a notebook or a laptop while they watched a brief lecture. A short time later, the students were given a quiz on the lecture material. Although the quiz results showed no difference between the two strategies for factual questions, the students using longhand had significantly higher scores for conceptual questions. Explain why the researchers cannot conclude that taking longhand notes causes better conceptual learning that taking notes on a laptop.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
In the Chapter Preview we presented a study showing
that handling money reduces the perception pain
(Zhou, Vohs, & Baumeister, 2009). In the experiment,
a group of college students was told that they were
participating in a manual dexterity study. Half of the
students were given a stack of money to count and the
other half got a stack of blank pieces of paper. After
the counting task, the participants were asked to dip
their hands into bowls of very hot water (122°F) and
rate how uncomfortable it was. The following data
show ratings of pain similar to the results obtained
in the study.
Counting Money Counting Paper
7 9
8 11
10 13
6 10
8 11
5 9
7 15
12 14
5 10
Is there a significant difference in reported pain
between the two conditions? Use a two-tailed test
with α = .01.
Compute Cohen’s d to estimate the size of the
treatment effect.
An American Automobile Association (AAA) study investigated the question of whether car owners or truck owners were more likely to change their own blown tire. The situation referred to in the study stated the following: “If you blew a tire on a trip, would you change the tire yourself?” A sample representative of the data used by AAA showed 663 of 818 car owners said that they would change the tire themselves while 541 of 733 truck owners said they would change the tire themselves.
x
n
car owners
663
818
truck owner
541
733
The AAA research hypothesis was that truck owners would be more likely to change their tire themselves. Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses for this study. Let car owners be population
What is the percentage of car owners who indicated that they would change their own tire?
In a research study, wherein the researcher wanted to know if people’s intelligence is perceived differently based on race, participants observed either a Caucasian, African American, or Asian American stimulus person giving a speech. All stimulus persons gave the same verbal speech. After observing this person, the participants had to rate the stimulus person’s level of intelligence on a scale of 1-10. The participants were separated by gender and their ratings were analyzed separately.
How many possible interaction effects might the researcher find?
Group of answer choices
3
0
1
2
Chapter 10 Solutions
Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 10.1 - Define, compare, and contrast the experimental,...Ch. 10.2 - Define a nonequivalent group design and identify...Ch. 10.2 - Explain how individual differences threaten the...Ch. 10.2 - Describe the two nonexperimental nonequivalent...Ch. 10.2 - Explain how a simple modification of the...Ch. 10.3 - Define a pre-post design and identify examples of...Ch. 10.3 - Identify the threats to internal validity for...Ch. 10.3 - Describe the nonexpenmental pretest-posttest...Ch. 10.3 - Explain how replacing the single observation...Ch. 10.4 - Define cross-sectional and longitudinal designs,...
Ch. 10.5 - Identify the statistical techniques that are...Ch. 10.5 - Explain how the terms quasi-independent variable...Ch. 10 - In addition to the key words, you should also be...Ch. 10 - Explain the distinction between experimental and...Ch. 10 - Why are studies that examine the effects of aging...Ch. 10 - Explain why we can be more confident about causal...Ch. 10 - Give an example of a situation (aside from gender)...Ch. 10 - Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) conducted a series...Ch. 10 - A researcher measures personality characteristics...Ch. 10 - A researcher wants to describe the effectiveness...Ch. 10 - Explain how the pretest helps minimize the threat...Ch. 10 - Describe the basic characteristics of a pre-post...Ch. 10 - To evaluate the effectiveness of a new television...Ch. 10 - What characteristic differentiates a pretest-post...Ch. 10 - Explain how a time-series design minimizes most...Ch. 10 - A researcher wants to describe how fine motor...Ch. 10 - Although the cohort effect can be a serious...Ch. 10 - Identify the appropriate statistical test for each...Ch. 10 - The college offers all students an optional...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Verbal intelligence was a topic that Jamie was very interested in. She conducted a study to see whether children with ADHD had lower scores on measures of verbal intelligence than those without ADHD. She divided children in her study into 4 groups- those clearly diagnosed with ADHD- combined type, those clearly diagnosed with ADHD- inattentive type, those with ADHD symptoms but not clearly diagnosed, and those without ADHD. Then she measured their scores on the Reading Comprehension task, Vocabulary task and Writing Task. What type of statistic did she run? A 4 way MANOVA A 4 way MANCOVA A one way MANOVA A Factorial MANOVAarrow_forwardIn studies examining the effect of humor on interpersonal attractions, McGee and Shevlin (2009) found that an individual’s sense of humor had a significant effect on how the individual was perceived by others. In one part of the study, female college students were given brief descriptions of a potential romantic partner. The fictitious male was described positively as being single and ambitious and having good job prospects. For one group of participants, the description also said that he had a great sense of humor. For another group, it said that he has no sense of humor. After reading the description, each participant was asked to rate the attractiveness of the man on a seven-point scale from 1 (very unattractive) to 7 (very attractive). A score of 4 indicates a neutral rating. The females who read the “great sense of humor” description gave the potential partner an average attractiveness score of M = 4.53 with a standard deviation of s = 1.04. If the sample consisted of n = 16…arrow_forwardWould an observational study or an experiment be more appropriate for a medical research team that is trying to figure out if a new medicine is effective in treating migraines? Justify your response.arrow_forward
- In a study examining the effect of humor on interpersonal attractions, McGee and Shevlin (2009) found that a man’s sense of humor had a significant effect on how he was perceived by women. In the study, female college students were given brief descriptions of a potential romantic partner and then rated the attractiveness of the male on a scale from 1 (low) to 7 (high). The fictitious male was described positively as being single, ambitious, and having good job prospects. In one condition, the description also said that he had a great sense of humor. The results showed that the description was rated significantly higher when “a sense of humor” was included. To examine this effect further, a researcher selected a sample of n = 16 college males and asked them to read a brief description of a female and then rate the attractiveness of the woman in the description. The description had been used in previous research but was modified by adding a statement describing a good sense of humor.…arrow_forwardIn a study examining the effect of humor on interpersonal attractions, McGee and Shevlin (2009) found that a man’s sense of humor had a significant effect on how he was perceived by women. In the study, female college students were given brief descriptions of a potential romantic partner and then rated the attractiveness of the male on a scale from 1 (low) to 7 (high). The fictitious male was described positively as being single, ambitious, and having good job prospects. In one condition, the description also said that he had a great sense of humor. The results showed that the description was rated significantly higher when “a sense of humor” was included. To examine this effect further, a researcher selected a sample of n = 16 college males and asked them to read a brief description of a female and then rate the attractiveness of the woman in the description. The description had been used in previous research but was modified by adding a statement describing a good sense of humor.…arrow_forwarda repeated measures research study demonstrating that swearing can help reduce ratings of pain (Stephens, Atkins, & Kingston, 2009). In the study, each participant was asked to plunge a hand into icy water and keep it there as long as the pain would allow. In one condition, the participants repeated their favorite curse words while their hands were in the water. In the other condition, the participants repeated a neutral word. In addition to lowering the participants’ perception of pain, swearing also increased the amount of time that they were able to tolerate the pain. Data similar to the results obtained in the study are shown in the following table. Do these data indicate a significant difference in pain tolerance between the two conditions? Use a two tailed test with = .05. Compute r², the percentage of variance accounted for, to measure the size of the treatment effect. Participant 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Swear Words 94 70 52 83 46 117 69 39 51 73 Neutral Words 59 61 47 60…arrow_forward
- Do people feel hungrier after sampling a healthy food? The authors of a consumer research paper carried out a study to answer this question. They randomly assigned volunteers into one of three groups. The people in the first group were asked to taste a snack that was described as a new health bar containing high levels of protein, vitamins, and fiber. The people in the second group were asked to taste the same snack but were told it was a tasty chocolate bar with a raspberry center. After tasting the snack, participants were asked to rate their hunger level on a scale from 1 (not at all hungry) to 7 (very hungry). The people in the third group were asked to rate their hunger but were not given a snack. The data in the table are consistent with summary quantities given in the paper (although the sample sizes in the actual study were larger). Treatment Group Healthy Tasty 5 8 7 Hunger Rating No Snack 3 4 4 4 1 4 2 7 3 6 2 5 6 5 5 4 7 5 2 3 4 6 4 4 Sample Mean 5.6667 3.4444 4.2222 Sample…arrow_forwardDo people feel hungrier after sampling a healthy food? The authors of a consumer research paper carried out a study to answer this question. They randomly assigned volunteers into one of three groups. The people in the first group were asked to taste a snack that was described as a new health bar containing high levels of protein, vitamins, and fiber. The people in the second group were asked to taste the same snack but were told it was a tasty chocolate bar with a raspberry center. After tasting the snack, participants were asked to rate their hunger level on a scale from 1 (not at all hungry) to 7 (very hungry). The people in the third group were asked to rate their hunger but were not given a snack. The data in the table are consistent with summary quantities given in the paper (although the sample sizes in the actual study were larger). TreatmentGroup Hunger Rating SampleMean SampleStandardDeviation Healthy 5 8 7 4 7 3 4 7 6 5.6667 1.7321 Tasty 4 1 5 2 6 2 5 3 4 3.5556…arrow_forwardCraik & Tulving ran an experiment to determine how depth of processing during study affects memory. In the study phase, 12 participants made judgments about words. In one block of trials (the visual condition) they indicated whether the words were written in upper case or lower case; in another block of trials (the auditory condition) they indicated whether the words contained an "ee" sound; in another block of trials (the meaning condition) they indicated whether the meaning of the words was pleasant or unpleasant. There were 12 words in each block. After completing the study phase, participants were asked to write down all the words they could remember. Here are the data: Mean Visual 3.5 Auditory 4.5 Meaning 6.0 Standard Deviation 1.5 1.6 1.9 Compared to the within-subjects design, the between-subjects design (select all that apply) Oa. Would have less statistical power O b. Would be less prone to experimenter bias O c. Would be less prone to order effects Od. Would have better…arrow_forward
- A manufacturer of household appliances wanted to determine if there was a relationship between family size and the size of washing machine purchased. The manufacturer was preparing guidelines for sales personnel and wanted to know if the sales staff should make specific recommendations to customers. A random sample of 300 families was asked about family size and size of washing machine. For the 40 families with one or two people, 25 had an 8-pound washer, 10 had a 10-pound washer, and 5 had a 12-pound washer. The 140 families with three or four people included 37 with the 8-pound washer, 62 with the 10-pound washer, and 41 with the 12-pound washer. For the remaining 120 families with five or more people, 8 had an 8-pound washer, 53 had a 10-pound washer, and 59 had a 12-pound washer. Based on these results, what can be concluded about family size and size of washer? Construct a two-way table, state the hypothesis, compute the statistics, and state your conclusion.arrow_forwardDoes the shape or color of a pain pill influence its effectiveness? Although logically it shouldn’t, whether we believe a drug will work does have a powerful effect on our perceptions (e.g., placebo effect). In this experiment, 4 groups of adult patients were given the same amount of Advil after dental surgery for pain relief, but the color and shape of the pill varied. Researchers hypothesized that an unusual shape or color would lead people to believe the pills were new and special and thus would expect them to be more effective than common round, white pills. Researchers also wanted to know if there is an interaction between shape and color what is the purpose and design of the study as well as the characteristics of the participants in the sample?arrow_forwardA scientist is studying the relationship between stomach aches and headaches among students. On her survey, she asked if the participant had headaches that could be classified as “sudden,” “chronic,” or “none.” The survey also asked if the participant had stomach aches with answers of “yes” or “no.” From the survey she found: 14% have sudden headaches; 22% have chronic headaches; 15% have stomach aches; Of those with stomach aches, 1⁄3 have sudden headaches. Of those with no headaches, 1⁄8 have stomach aches. What is the probability that a randomly selected student from the survey did not have stomach aches, but they do have chronic headaches?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill
Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
Big Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...
Algebra
ISBN:9781680331141
Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURT
Publisher:Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...
Algebra
ISBN:9780547587776
Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
what is Research Design, Research Design Types, and Research Design Methods; Author: Educational Hub;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpmGSioXxdo;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY