Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259696534
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., John M. Cimbala
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1, Problem 16CP
You are to understand how a reciprocating air compressor (a piston, cylinder device) woks. What system would you use? What type of system is this?
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55 kmol per hour of air is compressed from P1 = 1 bar to P2 = 6.1 bar in a steady flow compressor. Delivered mechanical power is 98.9 kW. Temperatures and velocities are:
T1 = 301K T2 = 520 K, u1 = 10.8 m/s and u2 = 3.8 m/s.
Estimate the rate of heat transfer from the compressor in kW, 3 decimal values. Assume that Cp = 7/2R and that enthalpy is independent of pressure.
A jet engine consists of a diffuser, compressor, combustor, turbine, and
nozzle. Flow in the diffuser and nozzle are isentropic and flow through the
compressor and turbine can be idealized as isentropic. Label the inlets to each
component as: a, 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and the nozzle exit as 5. The given
parameters are as follows: air pressure and temperature at the diffuser inlet, Pa
and Ta, respectively, the speed of air entering the diffuser, va, the compressor
pressure ratio, r, the turbine inlet temperature, T3, and the air pressure at the
nozzle exit, P5 = Pa. Assume that the working fluid is air alone and use an air
standard analysis, i.e., take into account the temperature dependence of air
specific heats. Note: the kinetic energies at the diffuser inlet and nozzle exit are
comparable to the corresponding enthalpies.
a) Find symbolically, in detail, air temperatures at all principal locations: a, 1, 2,
3, 4, and 5 (where some of these are given).
b) Find symbolically, in…
Where necessary, assume air as an ideal gas and consider R = 287J/(kg.K), Cp = 1005 J/(kg.K), Cv = 718 J/(kg.K).
A nozzle is a device that is used to increase the velocity of a fluid by varying the cross-sectional area. At the last section of a jet engine (Fig Q1.a, section 5), air with a mass flow rate of 50 kg/s at a pressure of 500 kPa and a temperature of 600 K enters a nozzle with an inlet cross-sectional area of 5 m2. The exit area of the nozzle is 20% of its inlet area. The air leaves the nozzle at a velocity of 300 m/s. The nozzle is not well-insulated and duringthis process, 5 kJ/kg heat is lost.
(i) In analysing this nozzle using the 1st law of thermodynamics,the change in which type of energy is negligible?
(ii) Determine the density and velocity of the air entering thenozzle.
(iii) Calculate the density of the air as it leaves the nozzle.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications
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Ch. 1 - What is a steady-flow process?Ch. 1 - Define stress, normal stress, shear stress, and...Ch. 1 - What are system, surroundings, and boundary?Ch. 1 - When analyzing the acceleration of gases as they...Ch. 1 - When is a system a closed system, and when is it a...Ch. 1 - You are to understand how a reciprocating air...Ch. 1 - What is the difference between pound-mass and...Ch. 1 - In a news ankle, is stated that a recently...Ch. 1 - Explain why the light-year has the dimension of...Ch. 1 - What is the net force acting on a car cruising at...Ch. 1 - A man goes to a traditional market to buy a steak...Ch. 1 - What is the weight, in N, of an object with a mass...Ch. 1 - What is the weight of a 1-kg substance in N,...Ch. 1 - Determine the mass and the weight of the air...Ch. 1 - A 3-kW resistance heater a water beater...Ch. 1 - A195-Ibm astronaut took his bathroom scale (a...Ch. 1 - The acceleration of high-speed aircraft sometimes...Ch. 1 - A 10-kg rock is thrown upward with a force of 280...Ch. 1 - The value of the gravitational acceleration g...Ch. 1 - At 45° latitude: the gravitational acceleration as...Ch. 1 - 1-32 The gravitational constant g is 9.807m/s2 at...Ch. 1 - On average, an adult person breathes in about 7.0...Ch. 1 - While solving a problem, a person ends up with...Ch. 1 - An airplane flies horizontally at 70m/s . Its...Ch. 1 - If the airplane of Prob. 1-35 weighs 17 lbf,...Ch. 1 - The boom of a fire truck raises a fireman (and his...Ch. 1 - A 6-kg plastic tank that has a volume of 0.18m3 is...Ch. 1 - Water at 15°C from a garden hose fills a 1.5 L...Ch. 1 - A forklift raises a 90.5 kg crate 1.80 m. (a)...Ch. 1 - The gas tank of a car is filled with a nozzle that...Ch. 1 - A pool of volume V (in m3) is to filled with water...Ch. 1 - Based on unit considerations alone, show that the...Ch. 1 - What is the importance of modeling in engineering?...Ch. 1 - What is the difference between the analytical and...Ch. 1 - When modeling an engineering process, how is the...Ch. 1 - What is the difference between precision and...Ch. 1 - How do the differential equations in the study of...Ch. 1 - What is the value of the engineering software...Ch. 1 - The weight of bodies may change somewhat from one...Ch. 1 - The reactive force developed by a jet to push an...Ch. 1 - An important design consideration in two-phase...Ch. 1 - Consider the flow of air through a wind turbine...Ch. 1 - A tank is filled with oil whose density is =850...Ch. 1 - If mass, heat, and work are not allowed to cross...Ch. 1 - The speed of an aircraft is given to be 260 m/s in...Ch. 1 - One J/kg is equal to (a) 1kPam3 (b) 1kNm/kg (c)...Ch. 1 - Which is a unit for power? (a) Btu (b) kwh (c)...Ch. 1 - The speed of an aircraft is given to be 950 km/h....Ch. 1 - The weight of a 10-kg mass at sea level is (a)...Ch. 1 - The weight of a 1 -Ibm mass is (a) 1Ibmft/s2 (b)...Ch. 1 - A hydroelectric power plant operates at its rated...Ch. 1 - Write an essay on the various mass- and...Ch. 1 - Search the Internet to find out how to properly...Ch. 1 - Another unit is kgf, which is a force unit used...Ch. 1 - Discuss why pressure tests of pressurized tanks...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- For the cylinder below, the final volume inside cylinder (V3) in (Liter) ;is A frictionless piston-cylinder device initially contains 0.2 kg of steam at 400 kPa, 300 °C. Now the steam loses heat to the surroundings and the piston moves down, hitting a set of stops at which point the cylinder contains saturated liquid water. The cooling continues until the cylinder contains water at 135 °C. |frictionless Piston /// / Steam ,m=8-2 kg Pi= 400 kPa Ti= 300°C (sat. lig.)2 T3 = 135 C stops Below 0.1 O Between 0.1 and 0.2 O Between 0.2 and 0.3 Above 0.3 Oarrow_forwardThis example focuses on thermodynamicsarrow_forwardVortex tube simple modeling [1] A vortex tube takes in high-pressure air at 650 kPa and 305 K, and splits it into two streams at a lower pressure, 100 kPa: one at a higher temperature of 325 K and one at a lower temperature. The fraction of mass entering that leaves at the cold outlet is f-0.25. The vortex tube operates continuously at steady state, is adiabatic, and performs/experiences no work. Air should be modeled as an ideal gas with constant specific heat: R=287 J/kg. K and Cp-1004 J/kg.K. cold outlet f=0.25 P₁-100 kPa inlet T₁ = 305 K P,- 650 kPa vortex tube hot outlet T₂-325 K P₂-100 kPa a) Determine the temperature at the cold end. Then, determine whether this device is physically possible. b) Analyze the effect of inlet pressure P1 (from 1 bar to 10 bars) on the cold end temperature. c) Consider the case of steam and repeat a) and b). d) Discuss the practical problems that may occur when using steam.arrow_forward
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