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- If there was India Ink added to a culture of Paramecium caudatum, it would increase the average number of food vacuoles because India ink contains no sugar or nutrients and the formation of food vacuoles would be the first stage in the metabolic process when digesting nutrient-rich particles. What would be the observed effects on the number of food vacuoles over a duration of 30 minutes for different concentrations such as 1% (v/v), 10% (v/v), and 25% (v/v) of India ink?Exposure Time (minutes) Change in Weight of Eggs (as %) 0% sucrose 10% sucrose 20% sucrose 0 0 0 0 10 18.18 -5.88 0 20 21.73 0 - 5.88 30 25 0 -20 40 28 5.26 -50 Use the values in the table to plot a final graph showing the increase or decrease in egg mass (as a percentage) over exposure time (minutes). In this graph, you will end up with three curves which need to individually label with either 0% sucrose, 10% sucrose or 20% sucrose..Describe the breakdown of sucrose in the body and the revelant pathways of the byproducts. In the breakdown, be sure to use the following terms: active site, disaccharide, enzyme-substrate complex, fructose, glucose, glycosidic bond, hydrolysis, product, substrate, sucrase (the enzyme that splits sucrose), and sucrose. Also explain what happens to glucose and fructose in the liver.
- 1) Describe what is a Futile Cycle.2) What are the two cycles related to carbohydrate metabolism that may undergo a Futile cycle?3) What is the end goal for a Futile Cycle?Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement or provide a brief explanation for why it is a) The presence of lipids in the diet slows down digestion in the b) Insulin increases the rate of glucose uptake by the c) Glucagon is the hormone that signals low blood glucose d) Chylomicrons carry TAGs from the diet into the e) During fasting and starvation the liver produces ketone bodies which fuel the heart and f) The muscles can use glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies for g) When glucose enters the cell it is immediately and reversibly h) Epinephrine stimulates breakdown of glycogen in muscles when there is an immediate need for energy by muscle i) Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis to maintain the blood glucose j) With high [carbohydrate] levels, excess glucose (after glycogen storage has reached a maximum) is converted to fat, leading to high [malonyl-CoA]. k) Malonyl-CoA inhibits carnitine acyltransferase II , thus slowing…Match the following: a. Stimulates milk production 1. Transport protein b. Controls carbohydrate mechanism 2. Structural protein c. Decreases urine production 3. Catalytic protein d. Hemoglobin belongs to this class 4. Storage protein e. Protein that acts as enzyme 5. Vasopressin f. Nerve impulse transmission 6. Insulin g. Keratin belongs to this class 7. Rhodopsin n. Gliadin and casein 8. Oxytocin
- Which of the following is a correctly-paired opposite? 1) gluconeogensis and glycolysis 2) lipolysis and glycogenesis 3) glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis 4) gluconeogenesis and glycogenesisExplain what happens to milk proteins during the formation of yogurt. (HInt: yogurt is made by fermentation of milk by bacteria, typically Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophillus. The bacteria convert milk sugar to lactic acid.)Which of the following describes how soluble fiber in the diet may lower blood cholesterol levels? Soluble fiber binds cholesterol in the colon and carries it out of the 1) body with feces. Soluble fiber binds cholesterol in the small intestine and carries it out 2) of the body in urine. 3) Soluble fiber digests cholesterol in the colon. 4) Soluble fiber sends a signal to the liver to produce less cholesterol.
- Enumerate and explain five general principles of protein metabolism.Brown fat is a specialized form of fat that has high levels of mitochondria that contain uncoupling proteins. What does this allow? A) The preferential metabolism of fat. OB) Large amounts of ATP production. C) Generation of heat. OD) Extra glycogen storage capacity.One example of a stage 3 reaction in the heterotrophic breakdown of food molecules is: the intramitochondrial digestion of fatty acids into carbon dioxide and water the intracellular digestion of glucose monomers into pyruvate the intracellular digestion of some amino acids into NH4+ and pyruvate the extracellular digestion of polypeptides into amino acids the extracellular digestion of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol