Q: List the three types of transport processes that involve carrier proteins in the renal tubule and…
A: The transport processes are used to transport one substance from one place to another. Some of the…
Q: Explain Basic Renal Processes for Sodium and Water?
A: The kidney filters the blood and then removes the impurities from the blood. The urine formation is…
Q: Where does most of thewater resorbed afterglomerular filtration go? Whatare the other…
A: The urinary system in mammals is composed of paired kidneys and ureters, a urinary bladder, and a…
Q: How does ADH regulate facultative water reabsorption?
A: The resorption of water within the earlier elements of the nephron (regardless of an individual's…
Q: What is the net filtration pressure?
A: The urinary system consists of kidneys, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys are present in a…
Q: How do symporters in the ascending limb of the nephron loop and principal cells in the collecting…
A: Excretion is a natural cycle, which assumes an indispensable part by killing poisons and other…
Q: What are some of the metabolic and wastes the kidney excretes?
A: The function of blood filtration is performed by kidneys which consist of millions of nephrons. The…
Q: Describe the structure of the filtration membrane?
A: The kidney is the small, paired, bean-shaped excretory organ in humans. It is present in the…
Q: How does the detrusor respond to increased firing of the parasympathetic fibers that innervate it?…
A: The urinary bladder is composed of three layers namely mucosal layer, muscular layer, and a fibrous…
Q: What are the benefits of excreting nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid? in the form of urea?
A: Uric acid can be defined as a waste byproduct. It is formed when our body breaks down the purines,…
Q: What role does urea have in tubular reabsorption?
A: Tubular reabsorption is the movement of substances from filtrate into the blood. Substances are…
Q: what is the role of ADH in water reabsorption?
A: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), commonly known as vasopressin, is a small peptide hormone which…
Q: What is the net result of the renal response to alkalosis?
A: Response to alkalosis: Low H+ concentration. There is inadequate secretion of H+ to reabsorb all the…
Q: How do Na-H exchangers on the luminal surface of tubular cells promote bicarbonate reabsorption in…
A: The Na+/H+ exchange aids NaCl reabsorption and luminal surface of the tubular cells. The NHE3 (in…
Q: Why do the kidneys not overcompensate for an abnormal pH?
A: Homeostasis is the condition of consistent inward, physical, and compound conditions kept up by…
Q: What is obligatory water reabsorption?
A: Answer: Introduction: Reabsorption of water occur in the DCT- distal convoluted tubule and…
Q: What is the effect of vasopressin on the renal tubules?
A: Vasopressin or antidiuretic hormone is a type of peptide hormone formed in hypothalamus.
Q: What controls micturition (urination)?
A: Accumulating urine stretches bladder and activates sensory stretch receptors sends signal via girdle…
Q: Which transporters below are most likely facilitators of the renal elimination of furosemide?
A: The below given figure is of Furosemide which is a potent loop diuretics and is eliminated by renal…
Q: Suppose a tumor is pressing on and obstructing the right ureter. What effect might this have on CHP…
A: Different body organs work in a coordinated manner to maintain optimum body functioning. The…
Q: What are examples of wastes that may be present in urine?
A: Answer- Our body eliminates the nitrogenous waste in the form of urine by our kindneys.
Q: Why is this process considered secondary active transport? Does water reabsorption accompany ion…
A: Reabsorption: Some substances are reabsorbed in the body, already they are absorbed once in the…
Q: Explain Renal Water Regulation?
A: Introduction: Sodium quantities in humans are partially maintained by a hormone known as…
Q: How are new bicarbonate ions formed in the cells of the nephron?
A: Acidic molecules get dissociate into H+ and lower the pH value whereas basic molecules dissociate…
Q: What are the chemical processes involved and chemical substances involved in the Biuret Test and…
A: A urinalysis is a test for urine.It is used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders, such as…
Q: Define renal fraction
A: Kidney is the two bean shaped organs which are present on the back portion of abdomen.It is the main…
Q: . What kinds of disorders cause damage to the filtration membrane?
A: Kidney contain about 1 million filtering units. The glomeruli is made up of many microscopic…
Q: Why is creatinine clearance a good estimate of glomerular filtration rate?
A: Creatinine is the chemical compound that is left behind after the energy producing cells in the…
Q: Why does the urinaryvolume increase whenalcoholic beverages areingested?
A: The metabolism of biomolecules synthesizes excretory products. Urination is the removal of the…
Q: Why is glucose normally absent from the urine?
A: Urine is a fluid result of digestion in people and in numerous different creatures. Urine streams…
Q: What is the relationship between plasma creatinine concentration and glomerular filtration rate?
A: The fundamental structural and operational unit of the kidney is the nephron. They are tiny…
Q: What are the tissues found in URINALYSIS?
A: Urine analysis is a group of physical, chemical, and microscopic studies. Tests detect and/or…
Q: What interacting controls stabilize the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
A: Glomerular Filtration Rate: Glomerular filtration rate describes the flow rate of…
Q: How is the presence of renal compensation verified?
A: Renal compensation The process through which kidney regulates plasma pH is called renal compensation…
Q: Why is there an increased risk of drug toxicity in the laterstages of renal failure?
A: Renal failure There are many etiological factors responsible for renal failure such as, systemic…
Q: Why does the ingestion ofalcohol increase diuresis?
A: Alcohol consumption can lead to many problems in human body.
Q: What is the difference in [H+] between urine and lemon juice?
A: Normal range of pH of urine is the Highest in any of the body fluids.It is 4.5 to 8.pH of less than…
Q: How is uric acid formed?
A: Uric acid It is a heterocyclic compound. Its chemical formula is C5H4N4O3 In normal conditions,…
Q: Where is urea produced?
A: Urea is a waste product, called carbamide. It is one of the major organic components of human urine.
Q: Why are the loop of Henle and vasa recta important for the formation of concentrated urine?
A: Excretion is the process through which all the metabolic waste products are excreted out of the body…
Q: What are the physiological implications of excreting waste nitrogen in the form of urate, urea, or…
A: Nitrogenous waste is excreted in different forms with the help of different species. This will…
Q: What does the glomerulus consist of?
A: The structure that really makes urine in the process of eliminating waste and excess substances from…
Q: What will happen to urine production if ADH is higher or lower than normal?
A: Antidiuretic hormone is also called vasopressin.It is a hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus but…
Where does urea recycle back into the tubules from the collecting duct?
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- If only a very small amount of urea were present in the interstitial fluid of the kidney instead of its normal concentration, how would it affect the kidney's ability to concentrate urine? asapIs it accurate to describe the mucosa of the ureter as star shaped?What is the relationship between plasma creatinine concentration and glomerular filtration rate?
- a) Explain what would happen in the absence of the vasa recta accompanying the loop of Henle in the renal medulla b)Explain the process of the urea cycle or trap and what is the purpose of maintaining high urea concentration in the renal medullaWhat happens to blood concentration of plasma proteins in an individual with renal disease that results in either (a) damage to the filtration membrane or (b) decreased filtration at the filtration membrane?What role does urea have in tubular reabsorption?
- What are the physiological implications of excreting waste nitrogen in the form of urate, urea, or ammonia?For each of the following urinalysis results, indicate whether you should be concerned or not and why: (a) dark yellow urine that is turbid; (b) ammonia- like odor of the urine; (c) presence of excessive albumin; (d) presence of epi- thelial cell casts; (e) pH of 5.5; (f) hematuria.On what side of the renal tubule cell does active transporttake place during reabsorption of materials?
- Define ureaFor each of the following urinalysis results, indicate whether you should be concerned or not and why: (a) dark yellow urine that is turbid; (b) ammonia-like odor of the urine; (c) presence of excessivealbumin; (d) presence of epithelial cell casts; (e) pH of 5.5; (f) hematuria.The normal glomerular filtration rate in the following results is: 1) 2 ml/min, 2) 125 ml/min 3) 800 ml/min 4) 1,200 ml/min