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How can we use morphological traits to determine branching patterns on phylogenetic trees?
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- What does a phylogenetic tree depict?what is a major problem with morphologically based analysis of wale placement in a phylogenetic tree ?Do you find it easy to interpret phylogenetic trees? What aspects are the most challenging or what aspects of the tree can be easily misinterpreted? What strategies can students use to correct or avoid these common misinterpretations? Do you consider phylogenetic trees to be reliable indicators of evolutionary relationships? Include a reference.
- What is the assumption used when arranging species on a phylogenetic tree?In the last lab while creating a phylogenetic tree using PAUP/CIPRES, Fagus grandifolia was specified as the outgroup . Why is this step important? If the outgroup is not specified, PAUP or CIPRES will produce an unrooted tree in which outgroup is not connected to the rest of the tree by a common ancestor If the outgroup is not specified, PAUP or CIPRES will produce an unrooted tree in which the outgroup might not branch off prior to the common ancestor of the organisms under study O If the outgroup is not specified, PAUP or CIIPRES will produce an unrooted tree. Unrooted trees do not follow the Law of Parsimony All options are incorrectWhat is the purpose of using an “outgroup” when reconstructing a phylogenetic tree?
- When constructing phylogenetic trees, what is the purpose of applying maximum parsimony? Parsimony allows the researcher to "root" the tree. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious tree requires the maximum evolutionary events. The outgroup roots the tree, allowing the principle of parsimony to be applied. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious is the one that uses the simplest explanation of evolutionary events.Phylogenetic trees are used to show the evolutionary relationships among various biological species and are usually based upon shared derived characters. In constructing phylogenetic trees, it is useful to first draw up a character table to show the presence or absence of characters among the various groups of organisms being studied. a. Draw up a character table based upon the following shared derived characters of land plants: flowers, seeds, vascular tissues, and dependent embryos. Your character table must include the names/descriptions of the plant groups that are being characterized. b. Construct a phylogenetic tree based on this data.How do we actually construct a phylogenetic tree?
- Define parsimony. How is it used to build phylogenetic trees?What is the purpose of using an “outgroup” when reconstructing a phylogenetic tree? Write 4 points at leastThe number of possible trees resulting from phylogenetic analysis grows exponentially with the number taxa, such that in a 22 taxon analysis there are more possible unrooted trees than there are stars in the universe. A) True B) False C) It depends on the inference method and optimality criteria used. D) Number of taxa and number of unrooted tree possibilities are unrelated in phylogenetic analysis.