Using the Frost's Circle method of drawing the pi molecular orbitals, draw the orbital diagram for each of the following species, the determine which if any are aromatic. Å Å Å
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- Compare the bonding in formic acid (HCOOH) with that in its conjugate base formate ion (HCOO). Each molecule has a central carbon atom bonded to the two oxygen atoms and to a hydrogen atom. Draw Lewis diagrams, determine the steric numbers and hybridization of the central carbon atom, and give the molecular geometries. How do the orbitals differ in formic acid and the formate molecular ion? The bond lengths of the CO bonds in HCOOH are 1.23 (for the bond to the lone oxygen) and 1.36 (for the bond to the oxygen with a hydrogen atom attached). In what range of lengths do you predict the CO bond length in the formate ion to lie?1/ Show how the participating p orbitals interact to form the highest energy pi molecular orbital of benzene. 2/ Use the polygon rule to draw the MO energy diagram of the cyclononatetraenyl anion. Assuming planarity, would this ion be aromatic or antiaromatic?The molecule shown on the right in the example in the right column is the amino acid histidine, and the five-membered ring is known as aromatic. An aromatic ring has 2, 6, 10, 14, etc., electrons placed in 2p orbitals around a ring. Indicate which of the following statements must therefore be true. 1. There are a total of six electrons in the pi system (defined as electrons in 2p orbitals), including the lone pair on the ring N that is not circled. 2. There are a total of six electrons in the pi system, including the lone pair on the ring N atom that is circled. 3. The lone pair on the ring N atom that is not circled resides in an sp2 orbital on an sp2 hybridized nitrogen atom. 4. Statements 2 and 3 are both true
- Which of the following represents the lowest energy pi molecular orbital for cyclopentadiene?Answer the following questions for 1,3,5- hexatriene, the conjugated triene containing six carbons. Which MOs are the frontier molecular orbitals?Answer the following question for 1,3,5- hexatriene, the conjugated triene containing six carbons. Which MOs are the frontier molecular orbitals?
- Which of the following criteria satisfies non-aromaticity? Choose whichever is applicable. (can be more than one answer) A. Continuous conjugation B. Noncontinuous conjugation C. Pi electrons are equal to 4n+2 D. Pi electrons are equal to 4n E. Planar geometryExplain how to construct the molecular orbitals of a conjugated cyclic system similar tobenzene and cyclobutadiene. Use the polygon rule to draw the energy diagram, and fillin the electrons to show whether a given compound or ion is aromatic or antiaromatic.Aromatic compounds must have a p orbital on every atom in the ring. Define this ?
- For the aromatic compounds below, draw the p-orbitals for the compound.Propose structures for molecules that meet the following descriptions:a. Contains two sp2-hybridized carbons and two sp3-hybridized carbons.b. Contains only four carbons, all of which are sp2-hybridized.c. Contains two sp-hybridized carbons and two sp2-hybridized carbons.Isn't the carbon where the charge changes sp3 hybridized? Wouldn't that make them all non-aromatic? Also, do we need to specify E and Z for the double bonds. Thanks.
