The energy yield for acetyl CoA in the fatty acid oxidation of a 16 carbon chain (16:0) is approximately: 32 0 95 106 O 1.5
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- Acetyl-CoA, AG"=-7.7 kcal/mol COA Oxaloacetate Citrate AG" = ? AG"=-1.5 kcal/mol Isocitrate Krebs cycle is equilibrium at 25°C with coupled fatty acid biosynthesis. Calculate the free energy of the fatty acid biosynthesis (in kcal/mol), accounting for the concentrations of Oxaloacetate - 0.005 mM; Acetyl-CoA -0.03 mM; Citrate - 0.01 and Isocitrate - 0.0006 mM. Fatty acidsThe standard free energy change for this reaction in the direction written is +23.8 kuimol. The tabie shows the concentrations of the three intermediates in the hepatocyte of a mammal. Intermediate Concentration (M) Fructose 1.0-bisphosphate 0.000028 Gyoeraldehyde 3phosphate 0.0000068 Ditydroxyacetone phosphate 0.000032 At body temperature (37 "C). what is the actual free energy change for the reaction (in kimol) ?Acetyl-CoA AG" = -7.7 kcal/mol COA Fatty acids Oxaloacetate Citrate AG" = -1.5 kcal/mol Isocitrate Krebs cycle is equilibrium at 25°C with coupled fatty acid biosynthesis. Calculate the free energy of the fatty acid biosynthesis (in kcal/mol), accounting for the concentrations of Oxaloacetate – 0.005 mM; Acetyl-CoA - 0.03 mM; Citrate - 0.001mM and Isocitrate – 0.06 mM.
- vat *Pyruvate carboxylase, which catalyzes conversion of pyruvate to medbo which cat oxaloacetate, is a regulatory enzyme activated by acetyl-SCOA.A ms Ido Explain why this control is advantageous to organisms. el pidotes to 316q beisbianoo olovo bios bixdio eda ei ydw ni 169qqs son esob nopyxo 16Iuselom nouods nove mellodstem Slovo od to noijose s zonado nostoals ont To 9300098 opo bias oito any contenos ain't ty dopo of basi sio S OU *While acetyl-SCOA activates pyruvate carboxylase, it inhibits pyruvate kinase. Explain how this is consistent with the idea of 9 complementary control.pе pпiwollot or to doss to slovo bios sitio :eyswdisq otlodsjem E2- noitididat xosdb99tThe formation of acetyl-CoA from acetate is an ATP-driven reaction: Acetate + ATP + CoA Acetyl CoA + AMP + PP₁ Calculate AG" for this reaction given that the AG' for the hydrolysis of acetyl CoA to acetate and CoA is −31.4 kJ mol-¹ (−7.5 kcal mol¯¹) and that the AG°' for hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and PP; is -45.6 kJ mol-¹ (−10.9 kcal mol−¹ ). AG° reaction = AGO! i The PP, formed in the preceding reaction is rapidly hydrolyzed in vivo because of the ubiquity of inorganic pyrophosphatase. The AG" for the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (PP;) is −19.2 KJ mol-¹ (-4.665 kcal mol-¹). Calculate the AGº' for the overall reaction, including pyrophosphate hydrolysis. reaction with PP, hydrolysis = What effect does the presence of pyrophosphatase have on the formation of acetyl CoA? kJ mol-¹ It does not affect the overall reaction. It brings the overall reaction closer to equilibrium. It makes the overall reaction even more exergonic. It makes the overall reaction even more endergonic. kJ mol-¹ -112 10 0.0 0.5 10 15 20 2.5 Malonyl CoA (uM) Figure 4 (i) Describe B-oxidation steps for an even chain saturated fatty acid. (ii) How many molecules of ATP could be produced from the complete oxidation of the 19 carbon saturated fatty acid, nonadecanoic acid (19:0)? 1-1 ['H)palmitoyl carnitine production (uppoad Suupuouu)
- Describe the biochemical role of coenzyme Q10 and how supplementation may impact metabolism. Be sure to address the key terms listed below as part of your discussion; you may address additional etiologies as well. coenzyme Q Complex I Complex II Complex III ubiquinone ubiquinol Electron transport chain Oxidative phosphorylation Reactive oxygen speciesConsider docosanoic acid C12H43CO2H a. Label the alpha and beta Carbons. Show the beta-oxidation in an EXPANDED structure. b. Draw each acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid. c. How many acetyl Co A molecules are formed by complete beta-oxidation? d. How many cycles of beta-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid? Show the complete computation. f. How many moles of ATP per gram of fatty acid is formed from the complete catabolism of the given fatty acid? g. What is the molar mass of the given fatty acid? Solution: Show here the complete computations, [from a to e]25. The AG" values for the two reactions are given. 1. 2. oxaloacetate + acetyl-CoA + H₂O → citrate + COASH oxaloacetate + acetate → citrate Enzymes for reactions 1 and 2 are citrate synthase and citrate lyase, respectively. Determine the AG" for the hydrolysis of acetyl-CoA acetyl-CoA + H₂O acetate + COASH + H+ plane een isoimorfbold bns (94) opg Vp1903 9911 AG¹⁰ ? AGO = -32.2 kJ/mol AG"=-1.9 kJ/mol
- Draw the products of the reaction of xylulose-5-phosphate and erythrose-4-phosphate catalyzed by transketolase in the pentose phosphate pathway. Provide the structure in the protonation state found in physiological conditions. H H H OH FO HO-H H-OH H OPO3²- Q transketolase Draw glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate H H- H H H O OH OH OPO3²- Draw fructose-6- phosphate Q I IAcetyl-CoA is formed from acetate by coupling two reactions: ATP + H20 = ADP + P; AG" = -36.03 kJ/mol %3D acetate + CoA acetyl CoA + H20 AG" = +33.21 kJ/mol %3D 1. Calculate the overall AG' (reported up to two decimal places) for the net reaction. kJ/mol 2. Calculate the Keg (reported up to two decimal places and do not use scientific notation) for the net reaction at 298.15K. NOTE: R= 8.314 x 103 kJ/mol-KBeta-Oxidation of a 15:14⁹ fatty acid will result in the production of which of the following? 7 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 6 FADH2 and 6 NADH 7 acetyl CoA, 6 FADH2 and 6 NADH 6 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 6 FADH2 and 6 NADH 6 acetyl CoA, 1 propionyl CoA, 5 FADH2 and 6 NADH 6 acetyl CoA, 6 FADH2 and 6 NADH