The electron transport chain... is a series of redox reactions that take place on the inner mitochondrial membrane. passively moves protons from high to low concentration. is driven by ATP consumption. takes place in the cytoplasm.
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- H+ flow down their gradient from the intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix through _____________, the smallest known rotary motor, to make _____________. the electron transport chain; ATP ATP synthase; ATP the electron transport chain; NADH ATP synthase; O2Mutations that prevent Bax and Bak from interacting with the outer mitochondrial membrane would prevent the release of cytochrome c and inhibit intrinsic apoptosis. prevent the release of cytochrome cand promote assembly of the apoptosome. trigger the release of cytochrome c and promote intrinsic apoptosis. trigger the release of cytochrome c and promote the assembly of the apoptosome. trigger the release of cytochrome c and promote the cleavage of procaspase-8.The image shows the flow of electrons through electron carriers I, II, III, and IV within the mitochondrial inner membrane. The electronegativity of the protein carriers determines their capacity to attract electrons. Based on the image, which of the following best describes the electronegativity of the carriers and the synthesis and utilization of ATP during the electron-transfer process? Electron carrier I is the least electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the most electronegative. ATP is required for electron transfer between carriers. Electron carrier I is the most electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the least electronegative. ATP is not required for electron transfer between carriers. Electron carrier I is the most electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the least electronegative. ATP is utilized in a distinct reaction, not directly coupled with electron transfer. Electron carrier I is the least electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the most…
- The inner mitochondrial membrane normally O is virtually impermeable to hydrogen ions (protons). encompasses the F1 subunit of the ATP synthase. is permeable to NADH and NAD+. contains enzymes responsible for two of the chemical reactions that take place as part of glycolysis.Fill in the blanks using the following words/acronyms: protons; Electron Transport Chain; oxygen; inner; Cytochrome c; NADH; ATP synthase; shuttle; ATP (note: the same word/acronym may be used more than one time) Complex I transfers electrons from to Coenzyme Q; and this transfer leads to the extrusion of from the mitochondrial matrix to the outside face of the mitochondrial membrane. Complex II allows the transfer of electrons from succinate to Coenzyme Q. Coenzyme Q is an electron which transfers electrons to Complex III. Electrons transfer from Complex III is associated with translocation. These electrons are then accepted by ; which transfers them to Complex IV. are also translocated at the level of Complex IV during electrons transfer; allowing the reduction of the final electron acceptor of the which is . ll the translocated are then channeled through the pore of the ; providing the driving force for release from the Enzyme complex.Oxidative Phosphorylation (electron transport chain + chemiosmosis) What goes in? What comes out? What happens to the energy that is released? Where does each step occur? What biproducts or molecules are produced or consumed (such as NADH, FADH2, CO2, ATP/GTP, O2, so on...). How is it regulated?
- Cyanide is a toxic substance. Cyanide is a cytochrome coxidase enzyme that is competitive. The last enzyme of the electron transport chain in mitochondria is cytochrome c oxidase. One of the most common substrates for cytochrome c oxidase is oxygen. Would an increase in the concentration of oxygen affect the inhibitioncaused by cyanide? How would conditions in the mitochondrial intermembrane spacechange if cytochrome c oxidase and the electron transport chain are notfunctioning properly. .Explain why this change in conditions will be harmful to a cell.Cyanide is a poisonous substance. Cyanide is a cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor that is competitive. The last enzyme of the electron transport chain in mitochondria is cytochrome c oxidase. One of the most common substrates for cytochrome c oxidase is oxygen.Would an increase in the concentration of oxygen affect the inhibitioncaused by cyanide?How would conditions in the mitochondrial intermembrane spacechange if cytochrome c oxidase and the electron transport chain are notfunctioning properly.. Explain why this change in conditions will be harmful to a cell.How is a gradient of H+ ions formed across the inner mitochondrial membrane? The electron transport chain uses ATP to pump H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane against its electrochemical gradient ATP synthase generates a H+ ions gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane The electron transport chain of proteins contains pores that are leaky to H+ ions The electron transport chain uses energy from the transfer of an electron donated by NADH to pump H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane against its electrochemical gradient
- Part 3: Disrupting the ETC Several conditions or chemicals can eliminate the H* gradient in the mitochondria. One condition is cyanide poisoning. Cyanide binds to Complex IV in the electron transport chain (see figure 3 below) and prevents the binding of oxygen. This blocks the flow of electrons through the ETC. Cyanide acts like a road block on a highway. Electron transport chain ATP synthase Intermembrane space Inner mitochondrial- membrane NADH NAD + (H+ (H+) Mitochondrial matrix H+ (H+ FADH₂ FAD (H+) (H+) H+ (H+ (H+ (H+ Cyt c (H+ O H (H+ (H+ 2 electrons 1/2 of 2 free hydrogen exiting ETC an O₂ ions H+ (H+ (H+ (H+ - H₂0 x2 H* (H+) ADP + PO, (H+ H+ (H+ molecule Figure 3: Oxidative Phosphorylation and Chemiosmosis ATPO https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/27/2508 The Electron Transport Chain.jpg OpenStax College, CC BY 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons 13. If electrons are not flowing through the electron transport chain, how will the proton concentration in the intermembrane…The role of a subunit of F0 (2 choices are correct) Undergoes multiple conformational changes from lose to tight to open, to synthesize ATP. Uses two half-channels to pick up and release protons. Allows for unidirectional pick up of protons by c subunit. Allows for the import of inorganic phosphate into mitochondrial matrix.What drives the transport of fatty acids for b-oxidation into the mitochondrial matrix? The hydrolysis of two phosphate bonds from ATP to AMP and two inorganic phosphate. The transfer of CoASH to fatty acids The substitution reactions involving COASH and Carnitine in the inner membrane space. An increase in fatty acid concentration in the cytosol during the post-absorptive (fasting state). All of these