SV40 vectors are derived from Which of the following term is appropriate for the blank? Lütfen birini seçin: O a. Plant cell O b. Simian virus 40 O c. Herpes virus O d. Bacteria O e. Corona virus
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- There have been recurring cases of mad-cow disease in the United Kingdom since the mid-1990s. Mad-cow disease is caused by a prion, an infectious particle that consists only of protein. In 1986, the media began reporting that cows all over England were dying from a mysterious disease. Initially, there was little interest in determining whether humans could be affected. For 10 years, the British government maintained that this unusual disease could not be transmitted to humans. However, in March 1996, the government did an about-face and announced that bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease, can be transmitted to humans, where it is known as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (VCJD). As in cows, this disease eats away at the nervous system, destroying the brain and essentially turning it into a spongelike structure filled with holes. Victims experience dementia; confusion; loss of speech, sight, and hearing; convulsions; coma; and finally death. Prion diseases are always fatal, and there is no treatment. Precautionary measures taken in Britain to prevent this disease in humans may have begun too late. Many of the victims contracted it over a decade earlier, when the BSE epidemic began, and the incubation period is long (VCJD has an incubation period of 10 to 40 years). A recent study concluded that 1 in 2,000 people in Great Britain carry the abnormally folded protein that causes VCJD. In spite of these numbers, the death rate from VCJD remains low. It is not clear whether this means that the incubation period for the disease is much longer than previously thought, or whether they may never develop the disease. How can a prion replicate itself without genetic material?According to Baltimore classification, what is the classification of the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a. GROUP I b. GROUP II c. GROUP III d. GROUP IV e. GROUP VSection three. Match virus biosynthesis term with best description. Not all answers are used. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase f. phage conversion а. b. lytic cycle g. prophage ss sense (+) RNA viruses h. ss anti-sense (-) RNA viruses с. d. reverse transcriptase i. lysogenic cycle provirus е. 51. genetic change of the host cell during the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophag es 52. RNA → DNA enzyme 53. active/fast infection of bacteria by a virus 54. when an animal virus integrates into the host cell chromosome 55. enzyme needed for transcription of RNA into complementary RNA 56. contains the coding strand of RNA 57. contains a nucleic acid that cannot be translated directly
- of Poxviruses are unusual among DNA viruses because their replication cycles takes place entirely in the host cell cytoplasm. How can these viruses carry out genome replication and transcription of viral genes without going to the nucleus? Briefly explain. Edit View Insert Format Tools Table 20px v Paragraph v へ へ ヘ .V8:11 EEO 1I0 & %24 9 6 n d k 4Match the virus to the correct Baltimore system. А. Нерatitis B virus B. Parvoviruses C. Reoviruses D. Retroviruses E. Adenoviruses F. 501Y.V2 G. Rhabdoviruses and Filoviridae select 1. (+/-) double-stranded RNA select 2. (+) strand RNA select 3. ss RNA-RT select 4. ds DNA-RT select 5. Single stranded DNA (+) DNA select 6. (+/-) double-stranded DNA select 7. (-) strand RNAData shows that people living with non-communicable diseases (PLWNCDs) are already at a higher risk of severe complications from COVID-19, more likely to be hospitalized, and at a higher risk of death. To make matters worse, the conditions under which they are living during thepandemic have potentially compromised their health even further and increased their risk of falling victim to the virus a. Discuss FIVE factors which may have exacerbated the health of PLWNCDs during theCOVID-19 pandemic exposing them to greater risk. b. For any of the factors mentioned above, comment on TWO approaches that countries may use to curb these challenges.
- n 46 The following characteristics vary between different types of viruses except ed Select one: I out of O a. presence or absence of metabolic machinery O b. the type of host cell it can infect question O c. DNA or RNA as the genetic material O d. presence or absence of a membranous envelope O e. single- or double-stranded nucleic acidsSelect the most accurate answer: Adenoviruses:A. are non-enveloped dsRNAB. are most infection are symptomaticC. are infection are common in adultsD. have only one antigen (serotype)E. are icosahedral, 252 caspsomers, fibers projection, like a satellite (space ship)F. replicate in the cytoplasmG. subgroup A: serotypes 12, 18, and 31: are highly oncogenicH. Both E and GWhich of the following statements are correct for retroviruses? Mark all that apply. A. Replication requires reverse transcriptase B.The viral genome acts as a template for production of viral proteins C.The genome consists of two identical strands of ssRNA D. Uncoating must occur for the virus to be replicated E. A provirus stage occurs during viral replication F. The genome consists of dsRNA Protease enzyme is required for biosynthesis and maturation of virions H. Replication requires RNA dependent RNA polymerase
- 35 The main reason(s) for the inability to fully eradicate Malaria until today is... Select one: ut of O a. More than one answer is correct uestion O b. The infectious agents hide inside the liver and RBCS in the body O c. There are 2 hosts in the lifecycle of malaria O d. There are too many versions of the infectious agent that makes it difficult to target and kill O e. The mosquito which carries the plasmodium fly's too fastWhat property of the retroviruses enables them to integrate into thehost genome?a. the RNA they carryb. presence of glycoprotein receptorsc. presence of reverse transcriptased. a positive-sense genomeDiscuss the advantages and disadvantages of the use of the following viruses as vectors a. Retroviruses b. Adenoviruses c. Adeno-associated viruses