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Essential nutrients
These are the organic compounds present in the food that provide nourishment essential for the development and growth of our body. Nutrients not only provide us with the required energy to carry out various biological processes but are also the building blocks for repair and growth in our bodies.
Vitamins
The vitamins are organic molecules required in low concentration for the proper functioning of the body. They cannot be generated in the organism and are taken into the body through the diet. The lack of proper vitamins results in diverse deficiency disorders. They are thus called essential nutrients. The important vitamins are vitamin A, vitamin B complex, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin K, and vitamin E.
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
- What are the basic concepts and precautions to be observed in specimen collection for
Microbiological examination? - Enumerate specific examples of clinical specimens collected for microbiological examination.
Give 2 specific examples of bacteria isolated from clinical samples. - What is a transport medium; give specific examples and state their purpose
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- Assessment 2: scenario based assessment Instructions This is a ‘scenario problem’. Read the information and answer the questions. Your answers must be concise, focus on the question (an introduction isn’t needed), and include a short explanation. ANSWERS OF ESSAY LENGTH ARE NOT REQUIRED. You will need to include some explanation as part of your answers. References should be included both in text (Harvard referencing system) and as a reference list at the end.. Please note that these questions are not equally weighted, and it is likely that answers to some will be a bit longer than others. Because of this, your mark will be based on your overall response to all of the questions. This doesn’t mean you can ignore a question – you must attempt all questions. Consider the following scenario: A group of five treasure hunters have been hired to retrieve some artefacts believed to be in an abandoned castle in an environment similar to the Arctic tundra (this is a quasi-fantasy land where…TASK No 2 MICROCIRCULATION A patient, 50 years old, suffers of chronic pyelonephritis and massive proteinuria (loss of protein in the urine). On examination: edema on the face and legs is noted. Questions: 1. To which group of disorders of microcirculation is edema refered? 2. What other disorders of microcirculation are related to this group? 3. Indicate the cause of edema developmen in the patient. 4. Indicate the mechanism of correlation between the loss of plasma proteins and the development of edema? 5. List the pathogenetic factors of edema formation. 6. What are the possible causes of the lymphatic insufficiency? 7. Indicate the biological significance of microcirculation disorders.TASK №o 4 A worker received a skin burn as a result of an industrial trauma. On examination: the burned skin is hyperemic and sharply painful. There are a lot of skin bubbles with transparent contents. The burnt surface is treated, a sterile bandage is applied, and painkillers are prescribed. Questions: 1. What does it mean "pain»? 2. Indicate the cause of pain in this case. 3. What other causes can lead the development of pain? 4. Indicate the mechanism of pain formation in this patient. 5. Give a comparative description of the protopathic and epicritic pain. 6. Which of these two types of pain has developed in the patient? 7. Name the biological significance of pain sensitivity for human body,
- Questions for Further Study1. Why is it important to anticipate the needs of the patient and surgical team members?2. What are the procedures for correct counting of instruments and sponges?3. What steps must be taken if any part of the count is incorrect?4. Describe the OR cycle and explain how the surgical technologist participates in the OR cycle.5. What corrective options are available to the surgical team members when a breach in sterile technique occurs?TASK №o 1 A patient suffers from chronic bronchitis for 40 years. At the next examination the doctor, in addition to antibiotic therapy, appointed a physiotherapeutic treatment - paraffin application (hot wax) on the chest. After performing this procedure, the patient complained of a burning sensation in the area of paraffin application. On examination: the skin of the chest is red, dry and hot to the touch. Questions: 1. What disorder of regional circulation has the patient? 2. Indicate the cause of this disorder. 3. What other causes can initiate this regional disorder? 4. Describe the mechanism of development of this circulatory disorder 5. Indicate the clinical manifestations of the violation of regional blood circulation in the patient. 6. What is the biological significance of this disorder for the patient? 7. List the principles of correction of the observed disorder of regional circulation.ASSIGNMENT 1 VA3504 Question Assignment 1. List the components of an x‐ray machine and how they contribute to the formation of an image 2. Can you think of any benefits that a traditional x‐ray machine has to offer over a digital one? 3. Explain how an image is produced with digital x‐ray machine 4. Discuss the factors that affect radiographic quality? 5. Explain how mAs, kVp, mA affect the radiographic image. 6. On a radiographic image what does the black represent? What does white represent and what is represented by the grayish regions of an image? 7. How does increasing the mAs affect a radiographic image? 8. How does decreasing the mAs affect the radiographic image? 9. How does increasing the kVp affect the radiographic image? 10. How does decreasing the kVp affect the radiographic image? 11. What is the role of the collimator? 12. What is the function of the grid? 13. How does the collimator help in improving image quality 14. What is the role of the primary beam? 15. What is…
- TASK No 2 A patient of 19 years old felt weak, dizzy, pain in the neck, nausea after four hours spending in a hot bath. On examination: the skin is moist, strongly hyperemic. Body temperature is 39° C. Questions: 1. What pathological process has been developing in the patient? Give its definition. 2. Indicate the cause of this pathological process. 3. List the stages of development of this pathological condition. 4. Indicate its possible complications 5. Indicate changes in metabolism, typical for the pathological condition that has developed in the patient. 6. What type of typical pathological process (TPP) is needed to be differentiated in the patient? Give its definition. 7. Conduct a comparative analysis of this TPP and pathological process in the patient.TASK №o 1 A patient of 19 years old felt weak, dizzy, pain in the neck, nausea after four hours spending in a hot bath. On examination: the skin is moist, strongly hyperemic. Body temperature is 39° C. Questions: 1. What pathological process has been developing in the patient? Give its definition. 2. Indicate the cause of this pathological process. 3. List the stages of development of this pathological condition. 4. Indicate its possible complications 5. Indicate changes in metabolism, typical for the pathological condition that has developed in the patient. 6. What type of typical pathological process (TPP) is needed to be differentiated in the patient? Give its definition. 7. Conduct a comparative analysis of this TPP and pathological process in the patient.DRUG DOSAGE CALCULATIONS REVIEW WORKSHEET Lab Day 3 Section III: Drug Dosage Calculations of Reconstituted Medications Thinking Like a Nurse: Complete each question below. The nurse is preparing to administer the medications below. Use the information given to answer the questions below then calculate the dosage to be given to the patient for each medication below. Medication 1: Order: Amoxicillin 400 mg PO every eight hours Available: 0093-4155-80 66965LA-6247 Rev. 03 Sellersville, PA 18960 TEVA PHARMACEUTICALS USA Manufactured For: Toronto, Canada M1B 2K9 NOVOPHARM LIMITED Manufactured In Canada By: KEEP THIS AND ALL MEDICATIONS OUT OF THE REACH OF CHILDREN. Shake well before using. Keep tightly closed. Date of reconstitution:.......….... Rev. E 7/2005 of reconstituted suspension after 14 days. When stored at room temperature or in refrigerator discard unused portion 250 mg amoxicillin in each 5 mL (teaspoonful). Oversized bottle permits shaking space. [See USP Controlled Room…
- REVIEW QUESTIONS: What are the criteria in rejecting a stool specimen for analysis? What is the significance of reporting the color and consistency of a stool specimen? What is the importance of adding NSS and Iodine? Compare the two.TASK N 1 A patient of 40 years complains of constantly increasing body weight, increased appetite. He works as a cook, he constantly tries cooked food. On examination: height - 179 cm, weight - 130 kg. There is excessive fat deposition on the abdomen and thighs. Questions: 1. What disease developed in the patient? Give its definition. 2. Indicate the most likely cause of this disease in the patient. 3. What other causes can lead to the development of this disease? 4. Describe the patient's disease using the maximum number of classifications. 5. Calculate the body mass index of the patient. 6. Describe the mechanism of development of this disease. 7. What other diseases can be developed in this patient with high probability?TASK No 2 A 44-year-old patient was hospitalized with a diagnosis "Pancreatic head tumor". On examination: there are icteric skin color and sclera, signs of weight loss. At palpation the liver is enlarged. The patient complains of skin itching. Questions: 1. Indicate the most likely form of jaundice in a patient. 2. What is the cause of jaundice? 3. List the other possible causes of this type of jaundice. 4. Describe the disorders of pigment exchange, that are typical for this type of jaundice. 5. Explain the origin of skin itching. 6. What signs of hepatic insufficiency should be expected in the patient? 7. Define the concept of "liver failure".