Price and cost (thousands of dollars per student) 20 S = MC 16 12 MSB 8 MB 4 200 400 600 800 1,000 Quantity (students per year) The figure above shows the market for private elementary school education in Chicago. There is no external cost of private elementary education. If the government does not intervene in this market, the equilibrium number of students being privately educated is and the efficient quantity is A) 400 students; 400 students O B) 600 students; 400 students C) 600 students; 600 students D) O students; 400 students E) 400 students; 600 students
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- Q4. (a) If you are a firm owner who is operating in the perfect competitive market, you areproducing socially efficient outcome. Does it imply that your profits are zero? If you become amonopolist then why do you deviate from the socially efficient outcome? b) In Delhi, as the winter season is approaching, how will it affect the demand function and themarket equilibrium of sweater market? Now after that if the price of wool increases how will themarket equilibrium be affected?ToasterOvenslnc. is developing technology to make a toaster oven than uses less electricity. If successful, the technology will significantly reduce the amount of energy that is wasted due to product inefficiencies. If the firm sells only in response to the market price, the quantity shown in the third column of Table 13.4 is supplied. If the firm were also to receive the broader social benefits of the new technology, the willingness to supply is shown in the fourth column. Table 13.4 Price Quantity Supplied If Firm Quantity Demanded Quantity Supplied Also Receives Social Benefits 15 800 500 710 16 740 540 740 17 680 580 770 18 620 620 800 19 560 660 830 20 500 700 860 If the firm were to receive a price based only on private benefits, the equilibrium price and quantity would be O $16,740 $17,680 $18,620 $19,660A study finds that the noise from lawn mowers is harmful; hence, the government imposes a $25 tax on the sale of every lawn mower. This amount accurately accounts for the external cost of the noise pollution. Before the corrective tax, basic push mowers regularly sold for $190. After the tax is in place, the market price for basic push mowers rises to $208. Because of the tax, the number of basic push mowers sold will .The socially optimal price of basic push mowers is $ .The private market price is $ .A firm selling basic push mowers receives $ after it pays the tax.
- Attempts Average / 2 8. Property rights and market failures Bakers are much likely to supply pastries to the market if property rights are not enforced. In the presence of market failures, public policy can improve economic efficiency. Classify the source of market failure in each case listed. Market Market Failure Power Externality A manufacturing plant dumps chemical waste into a nearby river, poisoning the water supply for a small town downstream. There is only one car dealership in a small town, giving the dealership the ability to influence the price of cars.3 ranchers use a grassland to feed their cows. The ranchers must choose how many cows - 0-106² per cow, where G is 3 to raise. The benefit of raising a cow for a rancher is 100 – the total quantity of cows using the grassland. The marginal cost of raising a cow is 10. Hence, the net benefit of raising cows for any rancher is (100-1G²) g – 10g, where 3 g is the quantity of cows raised by the rancher. What is the total quantity of cows using the grassland, implied by the Nash Equilibrium? जोळ जोप √5 12A steel mill, S, produces 20 tons of water pollution for every 100 tons of steel it produces. The downstream village of Watertown (WT) spends $150 per ton of water pollution from S to eliminate itsenvironmental harm. S is a price taker in an international market where the demand for steel is p = 100 – 3X and the market supply of steel is p = 40 + 3X. X is in units of one (1) million tons per day and p is the price in dollars per ton of steel. S has a daily increasing marginal cost of production function, MC = x.S's Total Cost function = x*x/2 where x is S’s daily output.(a) If S has no legal liability for its pollution, what is S’s daily production of steel?How does your answer here relate to the concept of private efficiency?(b) WT wants to bargain with S to reach an optimal agreement on this pollution. Assuming S is still not legally liable for its pollution and both S and WT do not use lawyers, would there be an agreement? How does your answer here relate the concept of private…
- Over the last 10 years the federal government has dramatically increased the number of regulations pertaining to transportation security and the effects of transportation on the environment. After the terrorist attack on the United States on September 11, 2001, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was established. Within the DHS is the Trans- portation Security Administration, which is responsible for implementing regulations to protect the safety of passengers using the U.S. airline industry. These regulations require passengers to be screened for illegal items before they enplane, limit the size and nature of items in carry-on luggage, and provide guidelines for more intense scrutiny of ran- domly selected passengers. Critics of these policies complain that these policies delay passengers, increase time through airports, cause delays, and increase costs for the air- lines. Proponents of these policies argue that the safety of air passengers is more impor- tant that these delays…Externalities are a form of market failure. Identify two externalities related to Covid-19, one positive and one negative. Graph and explain how each externality affects the optimal amount of the good that is generating the externality.Supply curves for the production of oil private+social costs is shown. Answer the following questions based on the diagram. Sanaton are shown in the diagram below. Supply based on both private and Price Supply (Private + Social) Supply (Private) (15500,$120) (21500,$107) Demand Quantity
- 11-) Andrew, Beth, and Cathy live in Lindhville. Andrew’s demand for bike paths, a public good, is given by Q = 12–2P. Beth’s demand is Q = 18–P, and Cathy’s is Q = 8–P/3. The marginal cost of building a bike path is MC = 21. The town government decides to use the following procedure for deciding how many paths to build. It asks each resident how many paths they want, and it builds the largest number asked for by any resident. To pay for these paths, it then taxes Andrew, Beth, and Cathy the prices a, b, and c per path, respectively, where a + b + c = MC. (The residents know these tax rates before stating how many paths they want.)A-). If the taxes are set so that each resident shares the cost evenly (a = b = c), how many paths will get built?B) Show that the government can achieve the social optimum by setting the correct tax prices a, b, and c. What prices should it set?3. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantityof consumption Consider the market for steel. Suppose that a steel manufacturing plant dumps toxic waste into' a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the plant. Producing an additional ton of steel imposes a constant external cost of $385 per ton. The following graph shows the demand (private value) curve and the supply (private cost) curve for steel. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the social cost curve when the external cost is $385 per ton. 1100 990 Social Cost 880 770 Supply (Private Cost) 660 550 440 330 220 Demand 110 (Private Value) 1 2 14 6. 7 QUANTITY (Tons of steel). PRICE (Dollars per ton of steel)Explain which of the following cases are classified as (A, B, C, or D) : (A) Negative Externality of Production or (B) Negative Externality of Consumption or (C) Positive Externality of Production or (D) Positive Externality of Consumption: A farmer who uses pesticides to produce vegetables A person planted ornamental trees along Salahiddeen street Creative laboratories which try to find vaccine for COVID 19