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Q4. (a) If you are a firm owner who is operating in the
producing socially efficient outcome. Does it imply that your profits are zero? If you become a
monopolist then why do you deviate from the socially efficient outcome? b) In Delhi, as the winter season is approaching, how will it affect the demand function and the
market equilibrium be affected?
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- 10-) Suppose 10 people each have the demand Q = 20 – 4P for streetlights and 5 people have the demand Q = 18 – 2P for streetlights. The cost of building each streetlight is 3. If it is possible to purchase a fractional number of streetlights, how many streetlights are socially optimal?2. A consulting firm specializing in agriculture determines that the following combinations of hay and grain consumption per lamb will result in a 25- pound gain for a lamb: Pounds of hay Pounds of grain 40 130.9 50 125.1 60 120.1 70 115.7 80 111.8 90 108.3 110 102.3 130 97.4 150 93.8In mid-2010, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela (both members of OPEC)produced an average of 8 million and 3 million barrels of oil a day,respectively. Production costs were about $20 per barrel, and the price ofoil averaged $80 per barrel. Each country had the capacity to producean extra 1 million barrels per day. At that time, it was estimated that each1-million-barrel increase in supply would depress the average price of oilby $10.a. Fill in the missing profit entries in the payoff table.b. What actions should each country take and why?Venezuela3 M barrels 4 M barrels8 M barrels _____, _____ _____, _____ Saudi Arabia9 M barrels _____, _____ _____, _____c10GameTheoryandCompetitiveStrategy.qxd 9/29/11 1:33 PM Page 430Summary 431c. Does the asymmetry in the countries’ sizes cause them to take differentattitudes toward expanding output? Explain why or why not. Commenton whether or not a prisoner’s dilemma is present.
- 11-) Andrew, Beth, and Cathy live in Lindhville. Andrew’s demand for bike paths, a public good, is given by Q = 12–2P. Beth’s demand is Q = 18–P, and Cathy’s is Q = 8–P/3. The marginal cost of building a bike path is MC = 21. The town government decides to use the following procedure for deciding how many paths to build. It asks each resident how many paths they want, and it builds the largest number asked for by any resident. To pay for these paths, it then taxes Andrew, Beth, and Cathy the prices a, b, and c per path, respectively, where a + b + c = MC. (The residents know these tax rates before stating how many paths they want.)A-). If the taxes are set so that each resident shares the cost evenly (a = b = c), how many paths will get built?B) Show that the government can achieve the social optimum by setting the correct tax prices a, b, and c. What prices should it set?1. Suppose the demand for and supply of one-bedroom housing units in Nairobi’s Westlands area can be represented by the following linear functions:Qd =18,200–40P and Qs =–2,200+20PWhere Qd, Qs = Number of housing units in thousands, P = Price in US dollars.a) Determine the market equilibrium price and quantity b) Suppose the government decides to subsidize the cost of construction one-bedroom houses in the area at US$20.00 per housing unit. Determine the equilibrium outcome after the subsidy, and show how the benefit is shared between tenants and landlords. How much will the subsidy costthe government?c) Graphically show your results using well labeled demand and supply curvesOnly typed answer and please don't use chatgpt The inverse demand for leather is given by P = 50-0.5Q. The industry supply of leather is determined by its marginal cost: MC = 0.4Q. Unfortunately, the production of leather causes noxious chemical residue to leach into groundwater supplies. The external marginal cost caused by these residues grows with the amount of output, and is measured as EMC = 0.05Q. 1A. How many leather is produced in the free market if the externality is not corrected. B) What is the free market price of the leather if the externality is not corrected? C) What is the social marginal cost?
- PA #1: Africa Apricots & The Apricot ValleyTwo apricot orchards African Apricots and The Apricot Valley sell seasonal apricots to the market. Assume that those apricots are both grown using the same organic practices in the neighboring orchards and do not differ in taste, size, color, or any other characteristics.The market demand is described by the following function: P=AB-Q. P is the price given per one bushel of apricots (a variable), Q is the quantity demanded at each price (a variable). Assume that both orchards have marginal costs that equal C $/bushel. A=1, B=9, and C=3 are the integer numbers given to you. 1.1. Write down the Demand function substituting A, B, and C with the given integer numbers. 1.2. Utilize the Cournot Model and find the Cournot-Nash Equilibrium for this oligopoly market. Demonstrate your algebraic solution. 1.3. Graph the best-response-function (reaction function) diagram for the companies. Demonstrate how you calculated the numbers that represent the…What is the efficient outcome in this market? Equivalently, which types of bikes should changetheir owners to maximise the social welfare?2. Consider a pharmaceutical company considering research and development of a new drug. They estimate that demand for this new, innovative product (the only of its kind) is given by p = 200 - 9, and the firm knows that once the drug is developed it can produce as much as it would like at a constant marginal cost of $10 (this implies a cost function of c(q) = 10q). (d) What is the socially optimal quantity of output, q*? (e) What is the value of the innovation to society if it was competitively/efficiently supplied? (f) Calculate the deadweight welfare loss we should expect if the firm produces the new drug as a monopoly.
- Draw a graph that models a positive externality in consumption (label and clearly explain graph) Explain: i) The difference between the competitive equilibrium quantity and the socially optimal level quantity. ii) A possible intervention to bring the competitive equilibrium quantity closer to the socially optimal quantity. iii) An example of a setting in which this type of externality might occur (explain clearly how/why this externality happens).cap-and-trade and windfall profitsA city called Seoul is suffering from high concentrations of mercury in the air, caused by burningcoal in power plants. There are two of these plants close to the city. The city’s mayor wants touse cap-and-trade to reduce emissions to a reportedly “safe” level of 60 tons. The two firms havethe following marginal benefits of emissions: MB1 = 100 – 2e1, MB2 = 25 – 0.5e2.a. How much mercury will each firm emit? What allowance price will prevail in themarket?Firm 2 hires a smart lobbyist who convinces the government that its profits are relatively low andthat it therefore deserves a generous allowance allocation. The government agrees and allocatesa1 = 20 allowances to firm 1 (for free) and a2 = 40 allowances to firm 2 (for free).b. What are the firms’ profits? Do any of the firms earn windfall profits? [Hint: compareprofits with and without regulation.] Windfall profits have been sharply criticized by consumer advocacy groups and politicians.c. What can…3. Now reconsider the issue of soybeans from the perspective of Chinese consumers. Assume you are a Chinese consumer who drinks soymilk each day. Demonstrate using a graph how your consumption of soymilk differs from the socially optimal level. Is the price you pay for soymilk in current market conditions the correct amount, too high, or too low? Why? Ensure that you label your graph correctly (all curves, axes, price and quantities labeled). Show the deadweight loss of soymilk consumption, and what price should be charged for soymilk to move the amount of soymilk you drink to the optimal level.