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- PURPLE VESTIGIAL DIHYBRID TESTCROSS In the parental generation, you mate a pure-breeding wild-type female (put/put.vg+/vg+) with a pure-breeding purple, vestigial (pu/pu;vg/vg) to produce an F1 generation that is all wild-type (put/pu;vg+/vg). Note that the F1 flies are all dihybrid. Next, you mate several F1 dihybrid females (put/pu;vg+/vg) with tester males, which are purple, vestigial (pu/pu;vg/vg). The offspring of this dihybrid testcross are: Phenotype Wild-type Purple, vestigial Vestigial Purple Genotype Tester Gamete Dihybrid Gamete Number 437 417 77 59 Copy the table into your notes and derive the dihybrid gametes following the example in the first section. The columns in blue (phenotypes and numbers of offspring) are what you can see and count. The genotypes of the testcross offspring (orange) must be deduced from the phenotypes and knowing that the tester contributed pu vg gametes. Finally, you can deduce the dihybrid gametes (green) by subtracting the tester gamete…The recessive, X-linked z1mutation of the Drosophilagene zeste (z) can produce a yellow (zeste) eye coloronly in flies that have two or more copies of the wildtype white (w) gene. Using this property, tandem duplications of the w+ gene called w+Rwere identified.Males with the genotype y+ z1w+R spl+ / Y thus havezeste eyes. These males were crossed to females withthe genotype y z1 w+R spl / y+ z1 w+R spl+. (These fourgenes are closely linked on the X chromosome, in theorder given in the genotype, with the centromere tothe right of all these genes: y = yellow bodies; y+ =tan bodies; spl = split bristles; spl+ = normal bristles.) Out of 81,540 male progeny of these females,the following exceptions were found:Class A 2430 yellow bodies, zeste eyes, wild-type bristlesClass B 2394 tan bodies, zeste eyes, split bristlesClass C 23 yellow bodies, wild-type eyes, wild-type bristlesClass D 22 tan bodies, wild-type eyes, split bristlesa. What were the phenotypes of the remainder of the81,540 males…+ ec +/Y + + w/Y y ec +/Y + ec +/y ec w ++ w/y ec w у ес +у ес и Determine the order in which the three loci y, ec, and w Occur on the chromosome and prepare a linkage map. 7.22 A cross involving X-linked genes was made between yellow, bar, vermilion female fies and wild males, and the F1 females were crossed with y B v males. The following phenotypes were obtained when 1000 progeny were exam- ined: Dra ord ma the 7.2 546 244 160 50 + + + + Bv y Bv y+ + y+v y B+ and an and and and +B + re + + v ge Determine the order in which the three loci occur on the chromosome and prepare a linkage map. 7.23 Female Drosophila heterozygous for ebony (e"le), scarlet (st*/st), and spineless (ss*/ss) were testcrossed, and the following progeny were obtained: PROGENCY PHENOTYPES NUMBER ir Wild type Ebony Ebony, scarlet Ebony, spineless Ebony, scarlet, spineless Scarlet 67 8. 68 347 78 368 Scarlet, spineless Spineless (a) Are these genes linked? Justify your answer. (b) Write the genes given on a…
- Changes in Chromosome Structure and Number The Poinsettia type of Datura is trisomic for the chromosome which carries the genes for purple (P) and white (p) flower color. The following cross between two Poinsettia type plants was made:2 Ppp x PPp a. List the genotypes and the frequencies of the viable gametes produced by each plant. Ppp Genotype Frequency PPp Genotype Frequency b. What would be the genotypes, phenotypes, and their frequencies in the progeny produced by this cross?In autotetraploid Chinese primrose (Primula sinensis L.), the gene controlling stigma color is very near the centromere of the chromosome carrying it. The allele G for green stigma is dominant to g for red stigmas. A homozygous green autotetraploid strain is crossed with a homozygous red autotetraploid strain. What is the genotype of the Fl? Show the types of gametes the Fl's may be expected to form and derive the expected proportion of each. Show your solution. What phenotypic ratio of green to red is expected if: a. the Fl's are intercrossed? Show your solution. b. the Fl's are crossed with red plants? Show your solution. If the G locus were 50 or more map units from the centromere, what types and proportions of gametes would the Fl be expected to produce? Derive the expected F2 phenotypic ratio.n corn, male sterility is controlled by maternal cytoplasmic elements. This phenotype renders the male part of the corn plants (i.e the tassel) unable to produce fertile pollen; the female parts, however, remain receptive to pollination by pollen from male fertile corn plants. However, the presence of a nuclear fertility restorer gene F restores fertility to male sterile lines sing the cardboard chips, simulate the crosses indicated below. Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offsprings in each cross, and properly label the nucleus and the cytoplasm of each individual in the cross Legend male sterile cytoplasm Male fertile cytoplasm FF nucleus Ff nucleus ff nucleus A. Male sterile female x FF male Explain the phenotype of the offspring B. Male sterile female x Ff male Explain the phenotype of the offspring
- In Drosophila flies, the allele b gives a black body, and the allele b+ gives brown, the wild-typephenotype. The allele wx of a separate gene gives waxy wings, and wx+ gives non-waxy. The allele cn ofa third gene gives cinnabar eyes, and cn+ gives red. A female heterozygous for these three genes istestcrossed, and 745 progenies are produced which are phenotypically classified as follows:5 b+ wx+ cn+4 b wx cn53 b+ wx cn 49 b wx+ cn+287 b+ wx+ cn279 b wx cn+ 33 b+ wx cn+35 b wx+ cn Make a linkage map of the three genes. Compute for interference and explain what the derived valuemeans. Show complete solutions to support your answers.In autotetraploid Chinese primrose (Primula sinensis L.), the gene controlling stigma color is very near the centromere of the chromosome carrying it. The allele G for green stigma is dominant to g for red stigmas. A homozygous green autotetraploid strain is crossed with a homozygous red autotetraploid strain. Each of the F1 GGgg plants would obtain 12 gametes which are 2GG, 8Gg, and 2g. How were these obtained?In autotetraploid Chinese primrose (Primula sinensis L.), the gene controlling stigma color is very near the centromere of the chromosome carrying it. The allele G for green stigma is dominant to g for red stigmas. A homozygous green autotetraploid strain is crossed with a homozygous red autotetraploid strain. Show the types of gametes the F1’s may be expected to form and derive the expected proportion of each.
- Neurospora of genotype a + c are crossed withNeurospora of genotype + b +. (Here, + is shorthandfor the wild-type allele.) The following tetrads areobtained (note that the genotype of the four sporepairs in an ascus are listed, rather than listing alleight spores):a + c a b c + + c + b c a b + a + ca + c a b c a + c a b c a b + a b c+ b + + + + + b + + + + + + c + + ++ b + + + + a b + a + + + + c + b +137 141 26 25 2 3a. In how many cells has meiosis occurred to yieldthese data?b. Give the best genetic map to explain these results.Indicate all relevant genetic distances, both betweengenes and between each gene and the centromere.c. Diagram a meiosis that could give rise to oneof the three tetrads in the class at the far right inthe listPart A A cross in Drosophila melanogaster involved the recessive X-linked genes for white eye (w), yellow body (y), and cut wings (c). A wild-type tri-hybrid female was crossed with wild-type males and only the male offspring were tallied. On the basis of the results shown below, which of the choices shown best represents the genetic map of the three loci on the X-chromosome? Phenotype Male Offspring + y ct 63 W + + 60 w y ct 16 + + + 11 + + ct w y + 2 +у + 247 w + ct 197 5.5 mu 21.5 mu ct 5.5 mu 21.5 mu ct 21.5 mu 5.5 mu y w ct 4.5 mu 20.5 mu ct 20.5 mu 4.5 mu y ctHomozyogous wild type male Drosophila PPQQRRSSTTUUVV (all linked) are irradiated to induce the formation of chromosomal deletions and then mated with homozygous recessive females. In several of these matings a unique pattern of pseudodominance could be correlated with the loss of specific polytene chromosome bands, as shown in the table... Cross Chromosomal Bands Deleted Pattern of Pseudodominance PqRs TuV 1 2 3 4 5 5-6 1-2 3-5 6-8 1-3 PQRSTUV PqrSTUV PQRSTUV pQrSTUV In which chromosomal band is gene R located? A. 3 OB. 4 OC. 2 D.8 O E. none of these answers are correct