Origin of new gene via gene duplication Function A Gene Z ab Gene Z Function B Gene duplication Function A Genes Z, and Z, are initially identical to gene Z. Gene Z, Z, ab Function B Z, Function A ab Gene Z, Function B 2 Subfunctionalization 3 Neofunctionalization Pseudogene Function ab z, z, X z, Gene Z, Gene Z, → Function A ak Z, ab Function A Z, Z, Gene Z, → Function c ab Gene Z, → Function B Inactivating Gene Z, retains the original function of gene Z, while gene Z, acquires a new function. The composite functions of genes Z, and Z, are equivalent to those of gene z. mutations ab z, z, X ab Function A Gene Z, Function B 2015 Pearson Eduoalion, Ino. Majority of new genes Gene duplication Derivation of exons from transposable elements (TE) TE Duplication I Divergence New splice sites evolve within TE Gene duplication by unequal crossover Other TE sequences degenerate Lateral gene transfer Organism A | Transfer Exon shuffling Organism B | Diverge Organism B Gene fission/ fusion Fusion t Fission Reverse transcription | Transcription De novo derivation from noncoding sequence Reverse transcription and insertion © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc. 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
Origin of new gene via gene duplication Function A Gene Z ab Gene Z Function B Gene duplication Function A Genes Z, and Z, are initially identical to gene Z. Gene Z, Z, ab Function B Z, Function A ab Gene Z, Function B 2 Subfunctionalization 3 Neofunctionalization Pseudogene Function ab z, z, X z, Gene Z, Gene Z, → Function A ak Z, ab Function A Z, Z, Gene Z, → Function c ab Gene Z, → Function B Inactivating Gene Z, retains the original function of gene Z, while gene Z, acquires a new function. The composite functions of genes Z, and Z, are equivalent to those of gene z. mutations ab z, z, X ab Function A Gene Z, Function B 2015 Pearson Eduoalion, Ino. Majority of new genes Gene duplication Derivation of exons from transposable elements (TE) TE Duplication I Divergence New splice sites evolve within TE Gene duplication by unequal crossover Other TE sequences degenerate Lateral gene transfer Organism A | Transfer Exon shuffling Organism B | Diverge Organism B Gene fission/ fusion Fusion t Fission Reverse transcription | Transcription De novo derivation from noncoding sequence Reverse transcription and insertion © 2019 Pearson Education, Inc. 2019 Pearson Education, Inc.
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Michael Cummings
Chapter7: Development And Sex Determination
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 18QP: Equalizing the Expression of X Chromosome Genes in Males and Females Males have only one X...
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