ligand-gated ion channels, voltage-gated ion channels,
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- Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)mbing fiber depolarizes mbrane potential to en Ca2+ channels. tage-gated channel 2+ Ca²+ Release 2+ Ca²+ Endoplasmic reticulum removal of AMPA receptors from the postsynaptic membrane. insertion of AMPA receptors into the postsynaptic membrane O increase in intracellular Ca2+ via voltage-gated Ca2+ channels O DAG- and Ca2+-mediated activation of PKC increase in intracellular Ca2+ via endoplasmic reticulum IP3 receptorsMembrane permeability at the rising phase of an action potential is dominated by: O Co-transporters Nongated Channels O K+ Voltage-gated Channels O Na+ voltage-gated Channels O Chemically-gated Channels
- The membrane voltage in graded potentials can be produced by Oopen channels and ligand-gated chanels Ovoltage-gated channels Oligand-gated and mechanically gated channels Oligand-gated channels mechanically gated channelsA muscle cell contains acetylcholine receptors that act as ligand-gated cation channels,and it also contains voltage-gated Na+ channels of the type found in neurons. Intheory, could a muscle cell get away with having only acetylcholine-gated cationchannels, which would serve the dual purpose of receiving neurotransmitter signalsand propagating action potentials? Why or why not?A loss-of-function mutation in the ion channel responsible for thegeneration of end-plate potentials results in a diminished permeabilityof the ion channel. 1) How would you experimentally test the effect of the mutation on thefunctional properties of the cell (synapse)? You should discuss the typesof postsynaptic responses and physiological parameters you couldmeasure.
- When a membrane is at rest, which channels are open? O Voltage-gated calcium channels O Voltage-gated potassium channels Leaky potassium channels O All the channels listed are open O Votlage-gated sodium channelsAssume the membrane is only permeable to Na+ and K+, the electrical model of axon membrane is the following: Outside A INa gna ENa Ex D Inside The membrane potential at rest and at peak is -70mV and 45mV respectively; the potential of Sodium ion is 60mV and the potential of Potassium ion is -80mV. Find the ratio 9Na at rest and at peak. gKB A C Match the action potential phase in the plot below with the correct image below showing the Na+/K+ ATPase and voltage-gated K+ and Na+ channels. +50- D -50- -70- 0 E A B M D + OUT -IN [Choose ] [Choose] [Choose] SHE - OUT IN + OUT IN
- Describe the flow of ions in these cells in action potentials - skeletal muscle - neuron(a) Membrane potential (mv) (b) Relative membrane permeability 80 -70 600 300 100 PN O Resting membrane potential Na 2° Threshold potential Voltage-gated Na channels Voltage-gated K channels Time (msec)What properties of ion channels allow them to generate the large, rapid changes in membrane potential?