Judging rules can be difficult – even for an objective computer program. In football (or soccer as some people call it), the official rules say that the referee can allow the play to continue ‘when the team against which an offence has been committed will benefit from such an advantage’ and penalize ‘the original offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue at that time’ (Federation Internationale de Football Association 2003). How would you implement this rule? What difficulties are involved in it?

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Computational Systems

The computation systems can be defined as the systems that are capable of solving a problem that includes calculations either mathematical or logical, and are able to produce the result as an output. For example, a simple calculator that is given a set of numbers and operators as input and produces the result as an output can be defined as a computational system. The above example is a simple illustration only, the computational systems range from simple devices to complex devices such as the systems that control the SpaceX companies, Starlink satellites which are being quite recently seen in the skies at many places globally.