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In your own words, what is angiogenesis and what is the importance of this process in cancer progression?
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- What is happening in all cancer? What process is this disrupting?Although cancer is not a contagious disease in humans or other vertebrates, there have been rare cases in which cancers have spread from one organism to another. Describe three cases of these contagious cancers and what conditions might have led to their appearance. For an introduction to this topic, see http:// www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/is-cancer-contagious.In your own words, explain each of the hallmarks of cancer. (immortality, produce go signals, override stop signals, resist cell death, angiogenesis and how it relates to metastasis.
- Excessive angiogenesis and reduced apoptosis are two of the six characteristics that define cancerous tumors. Discuss how developing treatments for these two conditions might prevent the development of cancer altogether from pre-malignant tumors.One of the major characteristics of cancer is uncontrolled proliferation of cells. There are several more characteristics of cancer, name TWO more:Despite all that we know about cancer today, some types of cancers are still increasing in frequency. Lung cancer among nonsmoking women is one of these. What reason(s) might there be for this increasing problem?
- What are the underlying biological mechanisms that differentiate the various types of cancer, and how can a better understanding of these mechanisms lead to more targeted and effective treatments for each specific type of cancer?In order for certain cancers to propagate, they require a growth factor known as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). What does VEGF signal the cell to do and how does this promote the propagation of cancer cells?What is the relationship betweenobesity and cancer?
- New cases of cancer are expected to increase in the ensuing years. How can estimating the future burden of cancer help us to prepare for this? Give detailed examples of different types of cancer and the trends that will likely be observed. What can we realistically expect to achieve regarding cancer risk reduction? Why is it important to have cancer statistics databases?Out of these 8 hallmarks ( sustaining proliferative signaling, evading growth suppressors, resisting cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, activating invasion and metastasis, deregulating cellular energetics and metabolism, and avoiding immune destruction). Rank them from least important to most for cancer development. Explain in 2-3 sentences how.Why is the tumor microenvironment important to cancer progression?