n order for certain cancers to propagate, they require a growth factor known as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). What does VEGF signal the cell to do and how does this promote the propagation of cancer cells?
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In order for certain cancers to propagate, they require a growth factor known as Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). What does VEGF signal the cell to do and how does this promote the propagation of cancer cells?
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- Although cancer is not a contagious disease in humans or other vertebrates, there have been rare cases in which cancers have spread from one organism to another. Describe three cases of these contagious cancers and what conditions might have led to their appearance. For an introduction to this topic, see http:// www.cancer.org/cancer/cancerbasics/is-cancer-contagious.When some cancer cells produce growth factors that stimulate their own division leading to continuous self- stimulation for cell division it is referred to as a) TNF tumor necrosis factor b) AGS autocrine growth stimulationWhich of the following is true of tumor suppressor genes? Group of answer choices a) If this gene is overactive, it becomes an oncogene b) If one of the alleles is mutated, there is usually little effect. Two inactivating mutations are usually required for loss of function (recessive mutation). c) If one copy is lost, the gene no longer functions (dominant mutation) d) Tumor suppressors genes usually cause mitosis or cell growth e) Tumor suppressor genes decrease apoptosis
- What are the normal functions of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene?What are the underlying biological mechanisms that differentiate the various types of cancer, and how can a better understanding of these mechanisms lead to more targeted and effective treatments for each specific type of cancer?Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is, as its name suggests, stored in and secreted by platelets. Platelets release PDGF in the vicinity of wounds as part of their participation in the clotting response. PDGF, in turn, stimulates the proliferation of nearby fibroblasts, which help in the wound healing process. When, however, the PDGF gene is mutated or inappropriately expressed, it can lead to cancer. Why, then, does the wound healing response not lead to similar uncontrolled cell division?
- What is happening in all cancer? What process is this disrupting?BRCA1 is a gene that codes for a tumor suppressor protein. If a person inherits a mutation in BRCA1, it greatly increases his or her risk of developing breast cancer. Are the cancer-causing mutations in the BRCA1 gene more likely to: A) not affect expression of the gene B) increase expression of the gene C) decrease expression of the geneWhy is the tumor microenvironment important to cancer progression?
- How would our understanding of this regulation affect cancer prognosis and treatment?What are Cancer Cells Metastasize ?Which is true for cancer cells: 1) Cell death occurs after a determined number of cell divisions 2) Contact with other cells reduces chance of cell division 3) Cell division occurs in the presence of stop signals.