If an axon ([Na+]in = 200 mM) is bathed in solution consisting of [Na+]out = 10 mM, will there be an action potential if a supra-threshold stimulus (changed Vm to -20 mV with opening of Na channels) is injected into the axon?
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If an axon ([Na+]in = 200 mM) is bathed in solution consisting of [Na+]out = 10 mM, will there be an action potential if a supra-threshold stimulus (changed Vm to -20 mV with opening of Na channels) is injected into the axon?
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- Conformational changes in channel proteins brought about by voltage changes are responsible for opening and closing Na+ and K+ gates during the generation of an action potential. (True or false?)At the peak of the neuronal action potential, Vm is approximately +50 mV. Assuming normal intracellular and extracellular K+ concentrations ( [K+]o = 4 mM, [K+]i = 150 mM ), what is the driving force (in mV) that acts on K+ ions at the peak of the action potential?In the figure to the left, name the 4 phases of the action potential (Note: you have to write in where phase 4 occurs). Describe what happens in each phase with a focus on Na+ and K+ flow through channels and the membrane potential. Discuss the importance of threshold. How does this relate to the concept of APs being all or none?
- 1) A 100-um diameter nerve axon has the following properties: rm = 2.5 x 104 ohm x cm, ri = 1 x 105 ohm/cm, r0 = 0, cm = 3 x 10-8 F/cm. The permeability to Cl- is very high and Cl- ions are at resting potential Vm. A steady inward current is injected into the axon resulting in a Vm of -110 mV at the site of current injection. If the Vm 3 mm from the site of injection is -94.5 mV, what is the resting Vm?Assume the membrane is only permeable to Na+ and K+, the electrical model of axon membrane is the following: Outside A INa gna ENa Ex D Inside The membrane potential at rest and at peak is -70mV and 45mV respectively; the potential of Sodium ion is 60mV and the potential of Potassium ion is -80mV. Find the ratio 9Na at rest and at peak. gKWhat is the equilibrium potential of chloride for a typical neuron? We will use the following ion concentrations and equilibrium potentials: lon Inside concentration (mM) Outside concentration (mM) Equilibrium Potential Sodium 15 145 +60 mV Potassium 125 5 -85 mV Chloride 13 150 -65 mV 60mV -80mV -90mV -65mV
- Based upon the changes in permeability seen in the trace below and your knowledge of ion distributions across a cell, predict how ion movements would change during an action potential. Drag and drop each phrase into the appropriate box on the action potential trace. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Note: not all labels will be used. ►View Available Hint(s) Sodium (Na+) ions move to the axon Sodium (Na) ions move out of the axon Less potassium (K) ions move out of the axon Potassium (K) ions move out of the axon Potassium (K¹) ions move into the axon Sodium (Na) ions stop moving in Membrane potential (mv) +30 +10 0 -10- -30 -50 -70 -90 A PNa 0 PNa 5 6 1 PK Threshold PK 2 Reset HelpYou generate action potentials in a neuron bathed in solution in a petri dish by applying a threshold-level depolarizing stimulus near its axon hillock. If the solution surrounding the neuron contained 5mM K+, 150 mM Na+, and 0 mM Ca2+ which of the following would you expect? The neuron would not be able to propagate action potentials down the entire length of the axon The neuron would not release neurotransmitter from the axon terminal The neurons action potentials would have an unusually long duration The neuron would have a resting membrane potential of zeroFor a nerve fibre axoplasmic and extracellular ion concentrations were found to be respectively: Na+, 15 and 115 mM; K+, 90 and 3 mM; Cl-, 10 and 120 mM. Resting potential was -78 mV. Halving the external [Na+] caused a very slight hyperpolarization; doubling external [K+] caused considerable depolarization; halving the external [Cl-] had no effect. In each case the ions were replaced by impermeable salts. What can you deduce (with reasons) about the resting membrane conductances?
- At the membrane of an axón, the action potential is -60 mV for K+ ions. Calculate the external and internal concentration ratios.Consider the following three diagrams of a nerve cell membrane. They show resting potential, depolarization, and hyperpolarization. Figure out which one is which, then draw them in the order they occur in a cell that undergoes an action potential outside + Na* inside K* Na* Nat K Nat K Na potential: -80 mV outside + Na K* Na* inside Na+ K Nat Na* K+ potential: +30 mV outside Na Na Na Na* K+ inside K* Na* Kt potential: -70 mVDescribe the action potential in terms of the different functional states of the voltage- gated Na+ membrane channels (Note: there are three states)