Please answer the attached question thank you ZCIf a population of white throated sparrows was found in a muchwarmer climate, where homozygous white throated individuals(super white throats) were as common as homozygous tanindividuals, what could you conclude?White alleles are poisonousWhite alleles have environmental dependent expressionWhite alleles are nonsense mutationsWhite alleles code for stop codonszd.If there is a gain-of-function mutation in the white throat allele,what might you expect to happen [more than one can be correct]?Sparrow party to celebrate the new functionIncreased numbers of homozygous white individualsIncreased numbers of white-striped inidividuals breeding withwhite-striped individualsLots of researchers wondering why tan-striped individualscan't breed with each other Za White throated sparrows have a super gene on chromosome 2.Supergenes are clusters of physically linked, co-evolving genesthat often control complex traits (Campagna 2016 Current Biologyhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.12.005). Super genes, such asin white throated sparrows, can be caused by inversions.Tan-striped(TS)White-striped(WS)(Figure from Maney et al. 2020 Hormones and Behaviour,10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104850)How do inversions cause super genes?☐There is so much extra genetic material that mutations aremore common00☐Inversions make chromosomes bigger, aka superInversions bring genes that weren't originally together intocontactInversions can affect recombination, so haplotypes are formedand maintained2b.White throated sparrows have been called 'the bird with four sexes'because of their supergene. Within white throated sparrows thereis 'disassortative mating' for alleles at this super gene - everybreeding pair has one individual who has a tan throat, and oneindividual with a white throat (Tuttle et al. 2016, Current Biology,http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.069). Tan striped sparrowsare homozygous whereas white striped sparrows are heterozygous.From this, we conclude which of the following about the supergene:0000White throat homozygotes could be inviableTan alleles are haploinsufficentWhite alleles are 'poisonous'Multiple genes in the super gene are interacting

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Description: Please answer the attached question thank you ZCIf a population of white throated sparrows was found in a muchwarmer climate, where homozygous white throated individuals(super white throats) were as common as homozygous tanindividuals, what could yo

Supergenes play a critical part within the hereditary makeup and evolutionary adaptability of life…

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If a population of white throated sparrows was found in a much warmer climate, where homozygous white throated individuals (super white throats) were as common as homozygous tan individuals, what could you conclude? White alleles are poisonous White alleles have environmental dependent expression White alleles are nonsense mutations White alleles code for stop codons zd. If there is a gain-of-function mutation in the white throat allele, what might you expect to happen [more than one can be correct]? Sparrow party to celebrate the new function Increased numbers of homozygous white individuals Increased numbers of white-striped inidividuals breeding with white-striped individuals Lots of researchers wondering why tan-striped individuals can't breed with each other

If a population of white throated sparrows was found in a much warmer climate, where homozygous white throated individuals (super white throats) were as common as homozygous tan individuals, what could you conclude? White alleles are poisonous White alleles have environmental dependent expression White alleles are nonsense mutations White alleles code for stop codons zd. If there is a gain-of-function mutation in the white throat allele, what might you expect to happen [more than one can be correct]? Sparrow party to celebrate the new function Increased numbers of homozygous white individuals Increased numbers of white-striped inidividuals breeding with white-striped individuals Lots of researchers wondering why tan-striped individuals can't breed with each other

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter13: Genes, Chromosomes, And Human Genetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8TYK: Another gene in Drosophila determines wing length. The dominant wild-type allele of this gene...

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In mice, dwarfism is caused by an X-linked recessive allele, and pink coat is caused by an autosomal dominantallele (coats are normally brownish). If a dwarf femalefrom a pure line is crossed with a pink male from a pureline, what will be the phenotypic ratios in the F1 and F2 ineach sex? (Invent and define your own gene symbols.)
Genes that cause Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndromeare closely linked along chromosome 15. Although people withthese syndromes do not usually reproduce, let’s suppose that acouple produces two children with Angelman syndrome. The oldestchild (named Pat) grows up and has two children with Prader-Willi syndrome. The second child (named Robin) grows up andhas one child with Angelman syndrome.A. Are Pat and Robin’s parents both phenotypically normal ordoes one of them have Angelman or Prader-Willi syndrome? Ifone of them has a disorder, state whether it is the mother or thefather, and explain how you know.B. What are the sexes of Pat and Robin?
.Certain forms of human color blindness are inherited as X-linkedrecessive traits. Hemizygous males are color-blind, but heterozygous females are not. However, heterozygous females sometimeshave partial color blindness.A. Discuss why heterozygous females may have partial color blindness.B. Doctors identified an unusual case in which a heterozygousfemale was color-blind in her right eye but had normal colorvision in her left eye. Explain how this might have occurred.
In Drosophila, a heterozygous female for the X-linkedrecessive traits a, b, and c was crossed to a male that phenotypically expressed a, b, and c. The offspring occurred inthe following phenotypic ratios.+ b c 460a + + 450a b c 32+ + + 38a + c 11+ b + 9 No other phenotypes were observed.(a) What is the genotypic arrangement of the alleles ofthese genes on the X chromosome of the female?
EVOLUTION CONNECTION Crossing over is thought to beevolutionarily advantageous because it continually shufflesgenetic alleles into novel combinations. Until recently, it wasthought that the genes on the Y chromosome might degenerate because they lack homologous genes on the X chromosomewith which to pair up prior to crossing over. However, when theY chromosome was sequenced, eight large regions were foundto be internally homologous to each other, and quite a few ofthe 78 genes represent duplicates. (Y chromosome researcherDavid Page has called it a “hall of mirrors.”) Explain what mightbe a benefit of these regions.
For Mendelian inheritance, the nuclear genotype (i.e., the allelesfound on chromosomes in the cell nucleus) directly influences anoffspring’s traits. In contrast, for non-Mendelian inheritance patterns, the offspring’s phenotype cannot be reliably predicted solelyfrom its genotype. For the following traits, what do you need toknow to predict the phenotypic outcome?A. Dwarfism due to a mutant Igf2 alleleB. Snail coiling directionC. Leber hereditary optic neuropathy
Two different genes control the expression of kernelcolour in Mexican black corn: a black pigment gene (B)and a dotted pigment gene (D). Gene B influences theexpression of gene D. The dotted phenotype appearsonly when gene B is in the homozygous recessivestate. A colourless variation occurs when both genesare homozygous recessive.After pure-breeding black-pigmented plants werecrossed with colourless plants, all offspring wereblack-pigmented. Plants of the F1 generation are suspected of being heterozygous for both genes. A test crossof colourless plants with the heterozygote plants should produce a genotypic ratio in theoffspring ofa. 1:0b. 3:1c. 2:1:1d. 1:1:1:1
In mice, a dominant allele that causes a short tail is located on chromosome 2. On chromosome 3, a recessive allele causing droopyears is 6 mu away from another recessive allele that causes a flakytail. A recessive allele that causes a jerker (uncoordinated) phenotypeis located on chromosome 4. A jerker mouse with droopy earsand a short, flaky tail was crossed to a normal mouse. All the F1generation mice were phenotypically normal, except they had shorttails. These F1 mice were then testcrossed to jerker mice with droopyears and long, flaky tails. If this testcross produces 400 offspring, whatare the expected numbers of the 16 possible phenotypic categories?
Two different genes control the expression of kernelcolour in Mexican black corn: a black pigment gene (B)and a dotted pigment gene (D). Gene B influences theexpression of gene D. The dotted phenotype appearsonly when gene B is in the homozygous recessivestate. A colourless variation occurs when both genesare homozygous recessive.After pure-breeding black-pigmented plants werecrossed with colourless plants, all offspring wereblack-pigmented. The genotypes of the parents of these F1 offspring could bea. BBDD × bbddb. BbDD × bbddc. Bbdd × bbDDd. bbDD × BBdd
Two different genes control the expression of kernelcolour in Mexican black corn: a black pigment gene (B)and a dotted pigment gene (D). Gene B influences theexpression of gene D. The dotted phenotype appearsonly when gene B is in the homozygous recessivestate. A colourless variation occurs when both genesare homozygous recessive.After pure-breeding black-pigmented plants werecrossed with colourless plants, all offspring wereblack-pigmented. 1. The genotypes of the parents of these F1 offspring could bea. BBDD × bbddb. BbDD × bbddc. Bbdd × bbDDd. bbDD × BBdd 2. Plants of the F1 generation are suspected of being heterozygous for both genes. A test crossof colourless plants with the heterozygote plants should produce a genotypic ratio in theoffspring ofa. 1:0b. 3:1c. 2:1:1d. 1:1:1:1
Red–green color blindness in humans is due to an X-linked recessive gene. A woman whose father is color blind possesses one eye with normal color vision and one eye with color blindness. Q. Propose an explanation for this woman’s vision pattern. Assume that no new mutations have spontaneously arisen.
0. In Drosophila, the gene for cinnabar eye color is onchromosome 2, and the gene for scarlet eye color is onchromosome 3. A fly homozygous for both recessivecinnabar and scarlet alleles (cn/cn; st/st) is white-eyed.a. If male flies (containing chromosomes with thenormal gene order) heterozygous for cn and st allelesare crossed to white-eyed females homozygous forthe cn and st alleles, what are the expected phenotypes and their frequencies in the progeny?b. One unusual male heterozygous for cn and st alleles,when crossed to a white-eyed female, produced onlywild-type and white-eyed progeny. Explain the likelychromosomal constitution of this male.c. When the wild-type F1 females from the cross withthe unusual male were backcrossed to normal cn/cn;st/st males, the following results were obtained:wild type 45%cinnabar 5%scarlet 5%white 45%Diagram a genetic event at metaphase I that couldproduce the rare cinnabar or scarlet flies among theprogeny of the wild-type F1 females.