Identify basic structure of the 8 types of membrane proteins shown below Understand how primary structure (e.g., regional hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity) allows proper membrane interaction/association. ● ● ● Compare/contrast the degree to which proteins are attached to membranes. Which have more lateral movement? Diversity of attachment and lateral movement allows efficient function. Understand where glycosylated lipids and proteins are found and what general functions they serve. Know the role/significance of cysteine disulfide bonds. On which side of the plasma membrane do they generally occur? Why?
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- The fluid mosaic model of membrane structure has been very useful in explaining membrane behavior. However, the description of membrane as proteins floating in a phospholipid sea is oversimplified. Describe some components of membrane that are restricted in their lateral motion.Describe the Fluid-Mosaic Model of membrane structure. Indicate the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of the membrane and give examples of various membrane proteins.Two theories of membrane structure are discussed below. Unit Membrane Model Phospholipid molecules are the most abundant type of lipids in cell membranes. Each consists of a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail, and a polar, hydrophilic head. The phospholipid chains orient themselves to form a bilayer with the tails pointed inward and the hydrophilic heads lined up on both sides of the bilayer. An extended monomolecular layer of protein coats both the outside of the membrane and the inside of the bilayer, but the protein does not penetrate the bilayer. When thin slices of membranes were examined with an electron microscope, three layers were seen: two electron-dense layers, with one wider layer between them. It was believed that the electron-dense layers represented proteins, and the lighter area represented lipids. Fluid Mosaic Model The structure of the fluid mosaic membrane is a bilayer of phospholipid molecules with proteins inserted into the bilayer. Hydrophilic regions of both the lipids…
- Which of the following is not a lipid link that anchors membrane-associated proteins to the bilayer? Thioether-linked prenyl anchors. Ester-linked triacylglycerol anchors. Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol anchors. Thioester-linked fatty acyl anchors. Amide-linked myristoyl anchors.The cell membrane is made up of many different kinds of proteins. These proteins can be clannified as either peripheral, transmembrane, or lipid-anchored proteins. Regardiess of their classification, these proteins all play an important role in the function and integrity of a cell. Which of the following properly describes the function of membrane proteins? Select all that apply. View Avalabie Hint(s) to combine with lipids to form strong shels that prevent the movement of substances across the membrane O to allow for cel-cell communication O to provide structural stability for the cell O to provide a seiective barrier O to provide fluidity to the membrane O to combine with a carbohydrate, providing an immune response andbor cell recognition O to serve as a channel for the transport of molecules between extracelular and intracellular fluidIntegral membrane proteins are anchored in lipid bilayers. Which of the following groups of amino acid residues would likely be found in the portion that crosses the lipid bilayer? Nonpolar Polar Acidic Charged
- Describe what gap junction are, emphasizing on how they are different two other cellular points of contact, their protein components and cellular function. Describe the three main sources of membrane fluidity. Describe in detail what proteoglycans are, including their hygroscopicity and biological roles.Using the answer code on the right, indicate which membrane component is responsible for the function in question: 1. channel formation____________________________________ (a) lipid bilayer 2. barrier to passage of water- __________________ (b) proteins soluble substances ____________________________________ (c) carbohydrates 3. receptor sites 4. membrane fluidity 5. recognition of self 6. membrane-bound enzymes 7. structural boundary 8. carriersHow long is a typical transmembrane domain, and what is the chemical composition of the amino acids found within the transmembrane domain of a single-spanning integral membrane protein? A~ 20 amino acids; hydrophobic amino acidsB~ 100 amino acids, amphipathic amino acidsC~ 10 amino acids; polar, charged amino acids D~ 50 amino acids, polar, uncharged amino acids
- Describe two different ways that integral membrane proteins associatewith a membrane. How do peripheral membrane proteins associate witha membrane?What is the likely identity of these membrane associated proteins: (a) a protein that is released from a membrane treated with a high salt solution, which causes disruption of ionic linkages; (b) a protein that is not released from the membrane upon its exposure to a high salt solution alone, but is released when the membrane is incubated with an enzyme that cleaves phosphate glycerol bonds and covalent linkages are disrupted; (c) a protein that is not released from the membrane upon exposure to a high salt solution, but is released after the addition of the detergent sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). Will the activity of the protein released in part (c) be preserved following its release?Why the composition of biological membrane varies ? Should it be helpful in membrane physiology ?