HPV Case Study Read the case study and, using your knowledge of human biology and other resources indicated, answer the questions that follow. Save and submit to the drop box. Bob is healthy 44-year old and father of 2 who recently completed his first marathon. Life was good; he was in the best shape of his life, gainfully employed and happily supporting and raising his family at home. However, Bob has been sporadically dealing with a sore throat for the better part of the past year. The symptoms would come and go but for the most part consistently there. Eventually, he went to see his doctor who examined his throat and saw an inflamed red area in the back of his throat and prescribed a course of antibiotics presuming the sore throat was caused by a bacterial infection. Bob adhered to the course of antibiotic therapy but the sore throat still persisted. At this point, the doctor felt as if perhaps Bob had post-nasal drip perhaps caused by a viral infection or allergies and suggested trying a nasal spray and room humidifier. Unfortunately, Bob’s symptoms continued and he was eventually referred to an Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) specialist who also saw the lesion and ordered a MRI. Bob anxiously awaited the results from the MRI and no sooner did he receive a phone call from the ENT stating that she would like to perform a biopsy. That week the biopsy was performed and quickly read by a pathologist who diagnosed the lesion as oropharyngeal cancer. The cancer was a squamous cell carcinoma of the right tonsil (1.2 cm). When Bob received the news of his diagnosis, he felt numbed by the news. He felt as if this certainly must have been a mistake as he is living a healthy lifestyle which included healthy eating, exercise and limited amounts of alcohol during social events. However, the news was not a mistake and now he must ask some serious questions regarding his future. The pathologist also stated that the lesion was classified to be HPV+ (Human Papillomavirus positive). Bob quickly discovered through research that HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, known to cause cervical cancer in women and is currently being vaccinated against. Interestingly this finding is also favorable with regards to the outcome of the oropharyngeal cancer that Bob has. 1. How did the doctor know that Bob’s sore throat was not caused by a bacterial agent?Click or tap here to enter text. 2. What does MRI stand for? Click or tap here to enter text. What can an MRI show?Click or tap here to enter text. 3. What does HPV stand for? Click or tap here to enter text. 4. What is a biopsy? (circle or highlight the correct answer)A. Removal of living tissue that can be examined by a pathologist and aid in diagnosisB. Removal of bacteria that can be cultured in the laboratoryC. Removal of viruses that can be cultured in the laboratory.D. Removal of prokaryotic cells that are harmful to patients. 5. Why was the patient (Bob) surprised at the diagnosis of cancer?Click or tap here to enter text. 6. Human Papillomavirus, and all viruses, are primarily composed of which of the two biomolecules discussed in class? (circle/highlight the correct answer)A. Protein and lipidB. Protein and nucleic acidC. Nucleic acid and carbohydrateD. Lipid and carbohydrate 7. Which of the following statements about viruses, including the Human papillomavirus is true? (circle/highlight the correct answer)A. Viruses are alive and can infect cells.B. Viruses are not alive but can infect cells and use the cellular machinery to replicate.C. Viruses are bacteria and can be treated with an antibiotic.D. Viruses are the only cause of cancer. 8. Where is the oropharynx?Click or tap here to enter text. 9. Which of the four types of tissue is squamous cell tissue?A. connectiveB. epithelialC. muscleD. nerve 10. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (www.cdc.gov) states that: “Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause serious health problems, including genital warts and certain cancers. However, in most cases HPV goes away on its own before causing any health problems.” How might your immune system deal with cells that are infected by a virus?A. By using cell-mediated immunity and T-cells.B. By using antibody-mediated immunity and B-cells.C. By making non-specific antibodies against the infected cells.D. By releasing histamine. 11. One way that HPV may avoid the immune system response is by shutting down the expression of interferon genes. What type of biomolecule is interferon, and what role does it play in the immune system?Click or tap here to enter text. 12. What is the definition of cancer as stated in the first Key Concepts in your text on page419?Click or tap here to enter text. Read the OP-ED article, “Let’s Not Talk About Sex” published in the New York Times in August 2014, and answer the following questions: 1. What are the three vaccines recommended for adolescents by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in concert with the American Academy of Pediatrics?a.Click or tap here to enter text.b.Click or tap here to enter text.c.Click or tap here to enter text. 2. In July of 2014, how many adolescents receive the meningococcal and Tdap vaccines?Click or tap here to enter text. 3. In July of 2014, what percentage of girls started the three-dose series of the HPV vaccine?Click or tap here to enter text. 4. What percentage of girls finished the series?Click or tap here to enter text.5. In a typical year, how many people in the United States die from meningococcus, tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis combined?Click or tap here to enter text.6. In a typical year, roughly how many people in the United States die from cancers caused by HPV?Click or tap here to enter text.7. Except for HIV, HPV is the most fatal sexually transmitted disease.A. TrueB. False 8. Dr. Anne Schuchat, director of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at the C.D.C. offered what possible explanation for why adolescents were not getting the HPV vaccine?Click or tap here to enter text. 9. Dr. Amy Middleman, chief of adolescent medicine at the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, offered what solution to the problem described in question 7?Click or tap here to enter text. 10. How many years does it take for an HPV infection to progress to cancer?Click or tap here to enter text. 11. At the current rate of immunization, how many adults will die from this preventable cancer in the year 2035?Click or tap here to enter text. 12. The author of this op-ed is Paul A. Offit. What else does he do for a living? Click or tap here to enter text.

Question

HPV Case Study Read the case study and, using your knowledge of human biology and other resources indicated, answer the questions that follow. Save and submit to the drop box. Bob is healthy 44-year old and father of 2 who recently completed his first marathon.  Life was good; he was in the best shape of his life, gainfully employed and happily supporting and raising his family at home.  However, Bob has been sporadically dealing with a sore throat for the better part of the past year.  The symptoms would come and go but for the most part consistently there.  Eventually, he went to see his doctor who examined his throat and saw an inflamed red area in the back of his throat and prescribed a course of antibiotics presuming the sore throat was caused by a bacterial infection.  Bob adhered to the course of antibiotic therapy but the sore throat still persisted.  At this point, the doctor felt as if perhaps Bob had post-nasal drip perhaps caused by a viral infection or allergies and suggested trying a nasal spray and room humidifier.  Unfortunately, Bob’s symptoms continued and he was eventually referred to an Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) specialist who also saw the lesion and ordered a MRI.  Bob anxiously awaited the results from the MRI and no sooner did he receive a phone call from the ENT stating that she would like to perform a biopsy.  That week the biopsy was performed and quickly read by a pathologist who diagnosed the lesion as oropharyngeal cancer.  The cancer was a squamous cell carcinoma of the right tonsil (1.2 cm). When Bob received the news of his diagnosis, he felt numbed by the news.  He felt as if this certainly must have been a mistake as he is living a healthy lifestyle which included healthy eating, exercise and limited amounts of alcohol during social events.  However, the news was not a mistake and now he must ask some serious questions regarding his future.   The pathologist also stated that the lesion was classified to be HPV+ (Human Papillomavirus positive).   Bob quickly discovered through research that HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, known to cause cervical cancer in women and is currently being vaccinated against.   Interestingly this finding is also favorable with regards to the outcome of the oropharyngeal cancer that Bob has.  1. How did the doctor know that Bob’s sore throat was not caused by a bacterial agent?Click or tap here to enter text.   2. What does MRI stand for?  Click or tap here to enter text. What can an MRI show?Click or tap here to enter text.  3. What does HPV stand for? Click or tap here to enter text. 4. What is a biopsy? (circle or highlight the correct answer)A. Removal of living tissue that can be examined by a pathologist and aid in diagnosisB. Removal of bacteria that can be cultured in the laboratoryC. Removal of viruses that can be cultured in the laboratory.D. Removal of prokaryotic cells that are harmful to patients. 5. Why was the patient (Bob) surprised at the diagnosis of cancer?Click or tap here to enter text.  6. Human Papillomavirus, and all viruses, are primarily composed of which of the two biomolecules discussed in class? (circle/highlight the correct answer)A. Protein and lipidB. Protein and nucleic acidC. Nucleic acid and carbohydrateD. Lipid and carbohydrate 7. Which of the following statements about viruses, including the Human papillomavirus is true? (circle/highlight the correct answer)A. Viruses are alive and can infect cells.B. Viruses are not alive but can infect cells and use the cellular machinery to replicate.C. Viruses are bacteria and can be treated with an antibiotic.D. Viruses are the only cause of cancer. 8. Where is the oropharynx?Click or tap here to enter text.  9. Which of the four types of tissue is squamous cell tissue?A. connectiveB. epithelialC. muscleD. nerve   10. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (www.cdc.gov) states that: “Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause serious health problems, including genital warts and certain cancers. However, in most cases HPV goes away on its own before causing any health problems.” How might your immune system deal with cells that are infected by a virus?A. By using cell-mediated immunity and T-cells.B. By using antibody-mediated immunity and B-cells.C. By making non-specific antibodies against the infected cells.D. By releasing histamine. 11. One way that HPV may avoid the immune system response is by shutting down the expression of interferon genes. What type of biomolecule is interferon, and what role does it play in the immune system?Click or tap here to enter text.  12. What is the definition of cancer as stated in the first Key Concepts in your text on page419?Click or tap here to enter text.   Read the OP-ED article, “Let’s Not Talk About Sex” published in the New York Times in August 2014, and answer the following questions: 1. What are the three vaccines recommended for adolescents by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in concert with the American Academy of Pediatrics?a.Click or tap here to enter text.b.Click or tap here to enter text.c.Click or tap here to enter text. 2. In July of 2014, how many adolescents receive the meningococcal and Tdap vaccines?Click or tap here to enter text.  3. In July of 2014, what percentage of girls started the three-dose series of the HPV vaccine?Click or tap here to enter text. 4. What percentage of girls finished the series?Click or tap here to enter text.5. In a typical year, how many people in the United States die from meningococcus, tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis combined?Click or tap here to enter text.6. In a typical year, roughly how many people in the United States die from cancers caused by HPV?Click or tap here to enter text.7. Except for HIV, HPV is the most fatal sexually transmitted disease.A. TrueB. False 8. Dr. Anne Schuchat, director of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at the C.D.C. offered what possible explanation for why adolescents were not getting the HPV vaccine?Click or tap here to enter text.   9. Dr. Amy Middleman, chief of adolescent medicine at the University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, offered what solution to the problem described in question 7?Click or tap here to enter text.   10. How many years does it take for an HPV infection to progress to cancer?Click or tap here to enter text. 11. At the current rate of immunization, how many adults will die from this preventable cancer in the year 2035?Click or tap here to enter text. 12. The author of this op-ed is Paul A. Offit. What else does he do for a living? Click or tap here to enter text.

Accepted Answer

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