Give at least one example of a chromosomal structureor function affected by the following mechanisms formodulating chromatin structure:a. Posttranslational changes of the normal histonesfound in the nucleosome
Q: Define chromatin-mediated repression.
A: Histone is the basic protein abundant in lysine and arginine residues, which are located in the…
Q: reduction in histone acetylation and reduced gene transcription. Given this information, which of…
A: Transcription is a highly controlled process and it requires the presence of enzymes polymerase and…
Q: Notably, one subunit of APC itself must remain phosphorylated at a single amino acid during sister…
A: In the phosphorylation reactions, proteins are reversibly modified. It is a regulatory reaction. The…
Q: A researcher found that she could increase phosphorylation of amino acids adjacent to methylated…
A: Histone Phosphorylation It is associated with transcriptional activation. It takes place with the…
Q: Describe chromatin when the CpG islands are methylated?
A: The eukaryotic chromosome is made of half DNA and half proteins. Out of total proteins, one half is…
Q: Which of the following statements correctly describes the structure of chromatin around the promoter…
A: Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells.
Q: In eukaryotic chromatin, tightly coiled scaffolding proteins would indicate a region where genes are…
A: The chromatin structure of the DNA includes the long helical structure of the DNA and the histone…
Q: Typically, increased acetylation and decreased methylation of histone N-terminal tails in…
A: Histone acetylation and deacetylation are the processes by which the lysine deposits inside the…
Q: Describe how reversible chemical changes to histones are linked to chromatin modification.
A: Histones are basic proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus and allow it to condense in chromatin…
Q: Changes in chromatin packing correlate with changes in gene expression in most cells. Why do you…
A: The chromosomes resemble a mass of extremely fine tangled string called chromatin, consisting of DNA…
Q: cell is homozygous for a LOF mutation in the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) gene. Which of the…
A: HAT stands for Histone acetyl transferase. The LOF refers to the loss of function mutation. If a…
Q: Briefly describe three ways that ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes may change chromatin…
A: In past few years, for the identification and characterization of the ATP-dependent…
Q: scribe how the acetylation of core histones may loosen chromatin packing.
A: DNA is the genetic material is usually found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. DNA is made up…
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A: P39086 is an ID for a protein GRIK1_HUMAN that belongs to Homosapiens. It is a protein of 918 amino…
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A: Introduction The Endomembrane System (endo Meaning "inside") Is A Collection Of Eukaryotic Cell…
Q: The conversion of euchromatin into heterochromatin involvesa. the formation of more nucleosomes.b.…
A: Chromatin is eukaryotes is the packaged form of DNA. DNA is packaged into coils with the help of…
Q: Compared to heterochromatin, euchromatin is O comprised of densely packed nucleosomes and with…
A: Heterochromatin is characterized as the region of the chromosome which is obscurely darkled stained…
Q: Mention the function of non-histone protein.
A: The chromosomes are thread-like structure located in the nuclei of both plant and animal cells. They…
Q: In studies on chromatin it has been reported that DNA that is being actively transcribed is more…
A: DNA- “deoxyribonucleic acid” is a complex structure that carries the unique genetic code of every…
Q: Describe nucleosome supercoiling and its relationship to the radial loop–scaffold model of chromatin…
A: DNA being a large molecule, is packed with histone proteins to form a very compact structure known…
Q: Eviction of histones will cause adecrease in the compaction of the genomic DNA and therefore lead to…
A: The genome in Eukaryotes is huge and is compactly packed within the nucleus. Thus, packing of DNA is…
Q: How does chemical modification of the histones lead to changes in chromatin structure? Choose all…
A: Chromatin It refers to the complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes in the nucleus of…
Q: Describe constitutive heterochromatin and facultative heterochromatin. Based upon this information,…
A: A nucleic acid is a linear polymer of nucleotides that carries the cell's information. DNA…
Q: There are five major types of histones in eukaryotic cells. One of these is not part of the…
A: The nucleosome is the fundamental subunit of chromatin. The nucleosome is composed of two turns of…
Q: Loosening the chromatin structure occurs because of Select one: a. Lysine methylation b. Lysine…
A: Euchromatin: Euchromatin is a type of chromatin (DNA, RNA, and protein) that is densely packed with…
Q: Histone methylation alters the chromatin structure with varied effects depending on the specific…
A: Chemical modification of all histone proteins occurs. The modification that occurs at histone…
Q: Which one of the following statements about nucleosomes is false? a) The DNA double helix wraps…
A: Introduction Nucleosomes are eukaryotic chromatin's basic repeating structural units, comprised of…
Q: An old genetic observation is that a normally active gene will be silenced if it is moved by…
A: Histone alterations are linked to different transcription stages and functions, and epigenetic…
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A: The microtubules are cylindrical structures composed of tubulin proteins. These tubulin proteins are…
Q: In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is tightly packed in the form of chromatin. His- tones are positively…
A: Hello. Since your question has multiple parts, we will solve the first question for you. If you want…
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Q: asic amino acids including lysine. DNA and histones collectively form chromatin. Open open and…
A: Histones can be defined as the family of basic proteins that are associated with the DNA in the…
Q: Which region of chromatin is transcriptionally silent?a) Nucleoidb) Centromerec) Euchromatind)…
A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule composed of two polynucleotide chains. It coils around…
Q: Explain how the acetylation of core histones may loosen chromatin packing.
A: DNA is the genetic element in all cell types of prokaryotic and eukaryotic. DNA is double stranded…
Q: Explain why a heteroduplex region may be produced after branch migration occurs.
A: DNA full form is deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is the main constituent of the chromosome. It contains…
Q: What is the result when the core histones are acetylated via histone acetyltransferase? O A) The…
A: Answer :- Option (B) is correct. - The DNA becomes more tightly associated with the core.
Q: One histone modification that is seen consistently inmany species is the addition of an acetyl group…
A: Introduction: Histone is a type of protein that functions to support the chromosome structure.…
Q: Define the following terms: a. histone b. heterochromatin c. spermine d. intergenic sequences e.…
A: DNA is packaged into the cell nucleus after packaging into nucleosomes. The DNA contains regions of…
Q: Chromatin remodeling is linked to epigenetics. Explain how this works and indicate the driving…
A: Epigenetics is referred to as the study of phenotype changes that are inheritable and does not…
Q: ckaging of chromosomal DNA by histones with diagrammatic representations. Name the various histone…
A: DNA stands for the deoxyribonucleic acid. It act is the genetic material in most of the organisms.…
Q: Which is the expected outcome following the deacetylation of histones?
A: Ans - a) Coiling of chromatin, preventing it from being accessed by the transcriptional machinery.…
Q: What effect do you predict this histone variant would have when it is inserted into chromatin?
A: Answer: Histones are the octamer protein which has been wrapped by the DNA forming strong…
Q: Describe how chromatin-remodeling complexes alter nucleosomes.
A: In order to control the gene expression, the regulatory transcription machinery proteins must access…
Q: Give examples of constitutive and facultative heterochromatin in:a. Drosophilab. humans
A: The heterochromatin is a tightly packed form of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). These are classified…
Q: Because DNA is found in the nucleus, transcription is a nuclear-localized process. Ribosomes…
A: Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) represent a large family of RNA-binding proteins…
Give at least one example of a chromosomal structure
or function affected by the following mechanisms for
modulating chromatin structure:
a. Posttranslational changes of the normal histones
found in the nucleosome
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- 7. Progression from metaphase to anaphase in the cell cycle, and subsequent exit from anaphase, requires sequential events involving the Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC). APC is a multi- protein complex that has ubiquitin ligase activity (see pp. 611-612 in your textbook re: ubiquitin). When APC adds adds ubiquitin to a substrate protein, the protein is targeted for degradation by the proteasome. Two important substrates of APC are the proteins securin and cyclin B. Destruction of securin allows the separation of sister chromatids at the beginning of anaphase, whereas subsequent destruction of cyclin B allows cells to exit anaphase (see Figure 24-18 in your textbook). APC Cdh-1 Cdc20- Securin Mitotic cyclins Cohesin G1 Metaphase Anaphase For APC to bind specific substrates, it requires unique adaptor proteins that help it to recognize its substrates. The adaptor protein Cdc20 allows APC to recognize and ubiquitinate securin, while the adaptor Cdh-1 allows APC to recognize and…An old genetic observation is that a normally active gene will be silenced if it is moved by transposition or crossing over from an uncondensed (euchromatic) region to a heavily condensed (heterochromatic) region of a chromosome. Assume the euchromatic chromatin containing the active gene is surrounded by heterochromatic chromatin immediately after insertion. Please explain in terms of the control of histone modification why the normally active gene is silenced when it becomes surrounded by condensed regions. (Do not explain how histone modification causes chromatin condensation.)The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene Rb (RB1) codes forthe retinoblastoma protein (pRB). pRB prevents the progression of the cell cycle through G1 if DNA has been damaged. Itdoes so in part because it binds a transcription-activatingdimer referred to as E2F-DP. The pRB-E2F/DP complex recruits a histone deacetylase to chromatin. Explain.
- Explain, How does histone acetylation alter chromatin structure?In eukaryotes which of the following combination of chromatin conditions would be most likely to result in the highest levels of expression of gene?Which of the following statements most accurately represent chromatin state and transcription? Group of answer choices 1.Histone deacetylases promote closed chromatin and result in repressed transcription 2.Open chromatin is associated with hypoacetylation and has high levels of transcription 3.Histone acetyltransferases result in hypoacetylation and high levels of transcription 4.Hyperacetylation is associated with closed chromatin and low levels of transcription
- Typically, increased acetylation and decreased methylation of histone N-terminal tails in nucleosomes leads to removal of the protein components of the chromatin from the DNA relaxed packaging of the chromatin and increased transcription increased amounts of euchromatin relative to heterochromatin activation of topoisomerase tighter packaging of the chromatin and reduced transcriptionDefine chromatin-mediated repression.Briefly describe three ways that ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes may change chromatin structure.
- Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and if false, replace the underlined words with the correct one. 1. Heterochromatin is typically gene-rich and composed of loosely-packed DNA that is transcriptionally active. 2. Molecular switches regulate the expression of genes by directing where and when genes should be turned on or off depending on the cell signal. 3. DNA Methylation and acetylation of histones are inverselycorrelated 4. Specialized cells produce specialized proteins derived from luxury genes which are constitutively expressed. 5. In mammals, methylation patterns that regulate DNA structure and gene expression become evident from the gastrula stage.Like Hurler syndrome, Fabry disease involves an abnormal accumulationof substances within lysosomes. However, the lysosomesof individuals with Fabry disease show an abnormal accumulationof lipids. The defective enzyme is α-galactosidase A, which is alysosomal enzyme that functions in lipid metabolism. The enzymaticdefect causes cell damage, especially to the kidneys, heart,and eyes. The gene that encodes α-galactosidase A is found on theX chromosome. Let’s suppose a phenotypically unaffected coupleproduces two sons with Fabry disease and one phenotypicallyunaffected daughter. What is the probability that the daughter willhave an affected son?Like Hurler syndrome, Fabry disease involves an abnormal accumulationof substances within lysosomes. However, the lysosomes of individuals with Fabry disease show an abnormal accumulation of lipids. The defective enzyme is α-galactosidase A, which is a lysosomal enzyme that functions in lipid metabolism. The defect causes cell damage, especially to the kidneys, heart, and eyes. The gene that encodes α-galactosidase A is found on the X chromosome. Let’s suppose a phenotypically unaffected couple producestwo sons with Fabry disease and one phenotypically unaffecteddaughter. What is the probability that the daughter will have anaffected son?