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Nucleotides
It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.
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- Which of the following statements is TRUE? None of these are TRUE Interphase chromosomes are loosely compacted, overlapping, and intertwined with each other within the nucleus. Radial loops in the condensing chromosome are formed due to interactions between 30 nm fibers and the scaffolding proteins of the nuclear matrix - producing the 300 nm fiber of the chromosome Interphase chromosomes are loosely compacted and do not associate with histones until the cell is preparing to divide. Interphase chromosomes are also known as euchromatin. Condensed, metaphase chromosomes are also known as heterochromatin.Which phase is described below? The chromosomes condense, Each is made of two sister chromatids,(looks) like an "X" Each sister is a clone, the closest of kin, And acentromere connects them like siamese twinsThe nucleolus disappears it melts away, as the cell takes a ribosomeproduction holiday, the centrosomes separate, start spindle formationfor separating chromatids and cell elongation.During anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers. When are sister chromatids officially considered to be daughter chromosomes in this phase? When they're no longer attached at the centromere. When two cells are formed from the division of cytoplasm and mitosis is complete. When replication is complete. O When the spindle fibers detach.
- Indicate the stage of mitosis (interphase = I, prophase = P, metaphase = M, anaphase = A, telophase = T) during which each of the following events occur. chromatid doublets separate to individual chromosomescentriole replicatesreplicated chromosomes (chromatid doublets) are arranged in single file next to one another at the cell's equatornuclear membrane is disappearingspindle fibers form and become visiblecell plate (plant) or cleavage furrow (animal) forms and is visiblechromosomes are at opposite poles of the cell; cytokinesis is almost completedchromosomes (chromatids) first become visible as long thin strandsDNA (chromosome) replication occursIn which state, the sex chromosomes are present in a cell? Euchromatin O Heterochromatin Centromere O TelomereThese types of proteins are responsible for all the following events during cell division: movement of "chromosomes" to poles, sliding of non-kinetochore microtubules pushing the two ends of the cell apart, and also the production of the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. They are called _ _ (two words)
- 1 3 4 Here is a replication fork during S phase of the cell cycle. DNA strands are labeled 1-4. After mitosis and cytokinesis is complete, One daughter cell will have strands 18&2, another will have strands 3&4 One cell will have 1&3, the other will have 2&4 Each of the strands (1-4) will be in a different cell. All four strands will end up in the same cell, and the other cell will have the complementary strands. Both A and B are equally likely.Which of the following statements about heterochromatin is FALSE? It contains many repeated sequences, but few actively transcribed genes. It remains condensed through most of the cell cycle. It is found next to the centromeres and on short arms in human chromosomes. It is enriched for transposable elments Histone proteins in heterochromatin are heavily acetylated, reducing their affinity for the DNA backbone.The structure that gives terminal : stability of chromosomes is Kintochore O Centromere and telomeres Centromere O telomere O
- Match the type of chromatin with the chromosome structure or region. chromatin of telomeres v Choose... facultative heterochromatin constitutive heterochromatin chromatin of centromeres eychromatinA cell in G1 of interphase has 12 chromosomes (2 n = 12). How many chromosomes and DNA molecules will be found per cell when this original cell progresses to G2 of interphase?Which of the following structures are associated with the ends of chromosomes and may shorten over many cell divisions? histones telomeres spindles all of the above