For each of the following species, determine (a) the electron geometry and (b) the hybridization for all nonhydrogen atoms. (i) CHÍNH, (II) CHỌN=0 (iii) CH₂Cl₂ (iv) BrCN
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- For each of the following species, determine (a) the electron geometry and (b) the hybridization for all nonhydrogenatoms.(i) CH3NH2 (ii) CH3N=O (iii) CH2Cl2 (iv) BrCNButadiene, C4H6, is a planar molecule that has the followingcarbon–carbon bond lengths: (a) Predict the bond angles around each of the carbon atoms and sketch the molecule. (b) From left to right, what is the hybridization of each carbon atom in butadiene? (c) The middle C—C bond length in butadiene (1.48 Å) is a little shorter than the average C—C single bond length (1.54 Å). Does this imply that the middle C—C bond in butadiene is weaker or stronger than the average C—C single bond? (d) Based on your answer for part (c), discuss what additional aspects of bonding in butadiene might support the shorter middle C—C bond.7. Nitrogen is the central atom in each of the species given. (a) Draw the Lewis electron-dot structure for each of the species. + NO₂ NO₂ NO₂ (b) List the species in order of increasing bond angle. Justify your answer. (c) For NO₂ and NO₂, give the hybridization of the nitrogen atom in it. (d) Identify the only one of the species that dimerizes and explain what causes it to do so.
- If an electron is removed from a fluorine molecule, an F+2molecular ion forms.(a) Give the molecular electron configurations for F2 and F+2 (for the MOs constructed from valence AOs).(b) Give the bond order of each species.(c) Predict which species should be paramagnetic.(d) Predict which species has the greater bond dissociation energy.The structure of caffeine is shown below. (a) Complete the Lewis structure. (b) How many pi bonds are present in caffeine? How many sigma bonds? (c) Identify the hybridization of the carbon atoms. (d) What is the value of the O-C-N angle?A useful solvent that will dissolve salts as well as organic compounds is the compound acetonitrile, H3CCN. It is present in paint strippers.(a) Write the Lewis structure for acetonitrile, and indicate the direction of the dipole moment in the molecule.(b) Identify the hybrid orbitals used by the carbon atoms in the molecule to form σ bonds.(c) Describe the atomic orbitals that form the π bonds in the molecule. Note that it is not necessary to hybridize the nitrogen atom.
- Consider the molecule, CHCIBII, which statement is INCORRECT? (1) The molecule has a tetrahedral structure (2) The size of the H-C-Br bond angle is 109.5°. (3) The carbon atom is sp3 hybridized (4) The carbon atom is sp2 hybridized(a) State the hybrid orbitals for C1,C2,O1 and O2 (b) state the number of π bonds present (c) State teh number of C atoms with sp2 hybridization.For each of the following molecule: (i) draw the correct Lewis structure; (ii) determine the molecular geometry and the type of hybridization on the central atom, and (iii) predict whether the molecule is polar or nonpolar. (a) BrCl5
- Butadiene, C4H6, is a planar molecule that has the followingcarbon–carbon bond lengths:(a) Predict the bond angles around each of the carbon atomsand sketch the molecule. (b) From left to right, whatis the hybridization of each carbon atom in butadiene?(c) The middle C¬C bond length in butadiene (1.48 Å) isa little shorter than the average C¬C single bond length(1.54 Å). Does this imply that the middle C¬C bond in butadieneis weaker or stronger than the average C¬C singlebond? (d) Based on your answer for part (c), discuss what additional aspects of bonding in butadiene might supportthe shorter middle C¬C bond.Draw a Lewis electron dot diagram for each of the follow- ing molecules and ions. Formulate the hybridization for the central atom in each case and give the molecular geometry. (a) BF3 (b) BH4- (c) PH3 (d) CS2 (e) CH3+Formaldehyde (H2CO) molecules (H: 1s', C: 1s²2s²2p?, and O: 1s²2s²2p*) (a) Use Orbital Hybridization theory to determine the molecular shape of H2CO. (b) What bonds are formed between the C and O atoms in formaldehyde molecules? (