For each of the anatomical or biochemical attributes listed below, indicate which are true of both C4 and CAM plants. O Can perform photosynthesis without RUBISCO. O PEP carboxylase generates a 4-carbon molecule that is stored until such times as the light reaction and the Calvin cycle can begin. O Before being added to ribulose bisphosphate (RUBP), atmospheric carbon (CO2) can be added to a different organic molecule in the cell. O There is spatial or temporal separation between carbon fixation of the generation of recuded carbon. O Generally have greater water loss than C3 plants.

For each of the anatomical or biochemical attributes listed below, indicate which are true of both C4 and CAM plants. O Can perform photosynthesis without RUBISCO. O PEP carboxylase generates a 4-carbon molecule that is stored until such times as the light reaction and the Calvin cycle can begin. O Before being added to ribulose bisphosphate (RUBP), atmospheric carbon (CO2) can be added to a different organic molecule in the cell. O There is spatial or temporal separation between carbon fixation of the generation of recuded carbon. O Generally have greater water loss than C3 plants.

BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF)

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305967359

Author:STARR

Publisher:STARR

Chapter20: The Protists

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4CT: Melvin Calvin and Andrew Benson determined the steps in the light-independent reactions of...

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Which of the following substances does not participate in the Calvin-Benson cycle? a. ATP c. NADPH e. PGAL b. O2 d. RuBP f. CO2
Photosynthesis directly opposes respiration in determining how plants influence atmospheric CO2 concentrations. When a leaf is in the light, both photosynthesis and respiration are occurring simultaneously. The data in the Table were collected from the leaf of a sagebrush plant that was enclosed in a chamber that measures the rate of CO2 exchange. The same leaf was used to collect the data in Interpret the Data in Chapter 7. Respiration is shown as a negative and photosynthesis as a positive rate of CO2 exchange. The net photosynthesis rate is the amount of CO2 (in micromoles per square meter per second) assimilated by the leaf while respiration is occurring; a positive value indicates more photosynthesis is occurring than respiration. The light exposed to the leaf is quantified as the number of photons in the 400 to 700 nm wavelength, the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD); 2,000 mol/m2/s is equivalent to the amount of light occurring at midday in full Sun. Observation Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) (mol/m2/s) Net Photosynthesis (mol/m2/s) 1 2,000 9.1 2 1,500 8.4 3 1,250 8.2 4 1,000 7.4 5 750 6.3 6 500 4.8 7 250 2.2 8 0 -2.0 Why is net photosynthesis negative when PPFD is zero? Looking at the respiration data from Interpret the Data in Chapter 7, at what temperature do you think these data were collected? Source: Data based on unpublished research by Brent Ewers, University of Wyoming.
Identify the chemical basis for ApH and AY across the chloroplast thylakoid membrane by dragging the descriptions to their targets. Be sure to notice that the upper arrow iindicates ApH and the lower arrow indicates ΔΨ. ATP synthase complex H+ N ADP + P₁ Light energy ATP H*N Photosystem I/II- Chloroplast N side Aus PN ApH T + Thylakoid membrane HTp H+p Lumen Stroma P side Proton circuit A B High H concentration Low positive charge High positive charge Low H+ concentration Within the image, identify the types of proton translocation by dragging each label to its target. O XH₂ 2H+ + Z 2 H* ZH₂ O XH₂ Z 2H+ ZH₂ 2H+ C A B Proton pump Redox loop
Which of the following statements about the light reactions of photosynthesis are correct? 1. Absorption of light does one thing: it makes chlorophyll easier to oxidize. 2. In PSII, the rate of damage to the D1 protein can never exceeds the rate of repair. 3. Electron transport is spontaneous (exergonic) as electrons move from P680* to P700+. 4. Compared to anoxygenic photosynthesis, in oxygenic photosynthesis less light needs to be absorbed to reduce NADP+. A. 1,2 and 3 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 4 D. 4 only E. All of 1,2,3 and 4 are correct
In plants, under what solution conditions are Calvin cycle and gluconeogenesis enzymes most active? 1 Low pH, low [Mg2+] Low pH, high [Mg2+] 2 High pH, low [Mg2+] 4 High pH, high [Mg2+]
Which of the following is TRUE about CAM photosynthetic pathway? Compared to the C3 and C4 pathways, CAM photosynthesis results in greater transpiration and water loss. O By separating where carbon is initially fixed inside the leaf tissue, CAM plants can better control the gradient of carbon dioxide between the air and their leaves. CAM photosynthesis is more energy efficient than C3 photosynthesis. Compared to C3 and C4 photosynthetic pathways, the rate of CAM photosynthesis is limited.
What are the stages of the Calvin-Benson cycle? Select all that apply. The resulting unstable six-carbon molecule splits into two three-carbon molecules of PGA. ATP and NADPH are used to convert PGA molecules to PGAL. Most of the PGAL is used to regenerate RuBP, but some is exported to the cytoplasm to produce carbohydrates. Rubisco attaches CO2 to a five-carbon organic compound called RuBP. Rubisco is used to convert PGA molecules to PGAL.
Plant chloroplasts are able to generate which of the following inorganic product molecules during oxygenic photosynthesis? C6H12O6 CO CO2 O2 H2S
Explain in detail of the stages of photosynthesis without explaining all the reactions of each pathways, but state the key steps of each pathway. Mention the location where each pathway happens in the plant and lastly make a table of the products formed at the end of the stage (ATPs, NADPHs, and water). Discuss about the oxidation-reduction of various molecules that are a part of these pathways.
How many water molecules have to be split as part of the light reactions to produce enough ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle to produce one molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)? STROMA (low H+ concentration) Light THYLAKOID SPACE (high H+ concentration) STROMA (low H+ concentration) Photosystem II 4 H+ H₂O 1 1/2 0₂ +2 H+ Thylakoid membrane Cytochrome complex Light Pq 4 H+ Photosystem I Pc ATP synthase ADP + H+ Fd M ATP NADP+ reductase NADP+ + H+ NADPH To Calvin Cycle
Which of the following are correct about C 4 Cycle and C 4 plants? P. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase is located in to thylakoid membrane of chloroplast. Q. Malate or aspartate is transported to the bundle sheath cells. R. Photorespiration is higher in C 4 plants. S. RuBisCo is found in the bundle sheath. Q and S P and Q R and S P, Q and R
Correctly identify the process, product, or requirement at each indicated step in the Calvin cycle diagram. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. Reducing power input Removal of 6 C for biosynthesis Various sugar rearrangements Regeneration of CO₂ acceptor and energy input Carboxylation Energy input 6 CÔ, 6 ATP 6 Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (30 carbons) RubisCO 6 Ribulose Phosphoribulokinase 123-Phospho- glycerate (36 carbons) 5-phosphate (30 carbons) 10 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (30 carbons) Overall stoichiometry: 6 CO₂ + 12 NADPH + 18 ATP- +12 NADP+ + 18 ADP + 17 P 12 ATP 121,3-Bisphospho- glycerate (36 carbons) 12 NAD(P)H 12 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (36 carbons) Fructose 6-phosphate (6 carbons) To biosynthesis Reset Help C₂H₁₂O(PO₂H₂)