Microtubules within a cell appear to be arranged in specific arrays. What cellular structure is responsible for determining the arrangement of microtubules within a cell? How many of these structures are found in a typical cell? Describe how such structures serve to nucleate microtubule assembly.
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Microtubules within a cell appear to be arranged in specific arrays. What cellular structure is responsible for determining the arrangement of microtubules within a cell? How many of these structures are found in a typical cell? Describe how such structures serve to nucleate microtubule assembly.
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- List and describe the three main types of cytoskeleton. If you wanted to do immunocytochemistry to specifically stain each type of cytoskeleton, what is a protein that could be used for each cytoskeletal type (in other words, what is a unique protein for each cytoskeletal type)? What are three types of actin structures? Describe the involvement of actin structures in cell migration. How is the growth and shrinking of microtubules regulated? Then describe the roles of microtubules in: chromosomal separation during mitosis and the movement of organelles and vesicles within a cell. Describe a possible mechanism on how signaling pathways might impact the cytoskeleton, so that cell migration could be regulated in a localized manner within a multicellular organism. (hint: think about the possible transcriptional regulation of the G-protein regulators) What are 2 main challenges of protein targeting? Then describe one way these challenges are overcome during signal-based targeting and one way…In all cells, microtubules nucleate from the centrosome and then become stabilized or collapse. What feature of microtubules contributes to this phenomenon?Cell motility has been described as being like the motion of tank treads. At the leading edge, actin filaments form rapidly into bundles and networks that make protrusions and move the cell forward. At the rear, cell adhesions are broken and the tail end of the cell is brought forward. What provides the traction for moving cells? How does cell-body translocation happen? How are cell adhesions released as cells move forward?
- Briefly describe the structure and function of each of the following: plasma membrane, chromatin, nucleus, nucleolus, rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER), Golgi complex, lysosomes, mitochondria, microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments, centrioles, basal body (kinetosome), tight junction, gap junction, desmosome, glycoprotein, microvilli.a) Are actin filaments subject to the same "dynamic instability" as microtubules? Yes or no? b)Explain how both actin and microtubules polymerize and depolymerize.Microtubules are polar filaments; that is, one end is different from the other. What is the basis for this polarity, how is polarity related to microtubule organization within the cell, and how is polarity related to the intracellular movements powered by microtubule-dependent motors?
- Which of the following statements about the function of the centrosome is FALSE? Microtubules emanating from the centrosome have alternating polarity such that some have their plus end attached to the centrosome while others have their minus end attached. Centrosomes contain y-tubulin ring complexes important for microtubule nucleation. Centrosomes typically contain a pair of centrioles made of short microtubules. Centrosomes are the major microtubule-organizing center in animal cells. Two centrosomes form the mitotic spindle during cell division.What is an analogy for a smooth endoplasmic reticulum?Which of the following statements regarding microtubules is FALSE? Microtubules are typically arranged in cells such that thoir plus (+) ends are directed towards the plasma membrane and their minus (-) ends are attached to the centrosomes. Microtubules are composed of 13 protofilaments that are arranged into a hollow cylinder. Microtubules are polar. Microtubule-binding proteins, such as Tau, bind to microtubules to destabilizo thom. Microtubules are inherently unstable and rapidly disassemble with low/ GTIP concentrations.
- Why is assembly of microtubules so much more efficient inside cells than in a test tube? The centrosome functions to nucleate assembly of microtubules in the cell, which is only found in the cell. The concentration of tubulin subunits is always higher in a cell than can be achieved in a test tube. Microtubule assembly requires ATP, which is only found in the cell. Microtubule assembly requires Tau, which is only found in the cell.In the context of cell biology, what do we mean by form follows function? What are a least two examples of this concept?Intermediate filaments have identical ends and lack polarity, whereas microtubules have two distinct ends with defined polarity. What is the molecular cause of these differences? Please keep brief - 2 sentences/dot points max.