Figure: Demand 3 Price $20 18 16 14- 12 10 - 8 6 4 2 0 I MC = AC Demand 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Quantity If the two-firm oligopoly facing the market in this diagram is currently producing at the competitive output level an one of the firms reduces output by 4 units, the firm's profits would increase from $64 to $96 $0 to $48 $0 to $24 $32 to $48
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- Refer to the table below to answer the following questions. Table 14.2.10 Fim A Comply A: Sim Cheat A $1 Sm Comply B Sim B-S05m Firm B A:-50.5m A0 Cheat B $15m B:0 Refer to Table 14.2.10. Firm A and Firm B are the only producers of soap powder. They collude and agree to share the market equally. The equilibrium a dominant strategy equilibrium because the strategy in this game is for a firm Select one O A is to comply regardless of the other firm's choice O B.is to comply when the other firm cheats and to cheat when the other firm complies O Cis not to comply when the other firm complies and to cheat when the other firm cheats OD. is to cheat regardless of the other firm's choice OEis not to comply when the other firm cheats and to cheat when the other firm complies 219 PMTable 18-14 Suppose that two oil companies-BP and Exxon-own adjacent natural gas fields. The profits that each firm earus depends on both the member of wells it drills and the number of wells drilled by the other firm. The table below lists each firm's individual profits: Exxon Drill one well Drill two wells BP Drill one well BP Drill two wells Exxon's profit $10 million BP's profit $10 million Exxon's profit $6 million BP's profit $12 million Exxon's profit $12 million BP's profit $6 million Exxon's profit $8 million. BP's profit $8 million Refer to Table 18-14. Does BP have a dominant strategy? If so, describe it. For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac) BIUS Paragraph Arial 5 田田田园 10pt 89. M XX, 833 >>() ⒸO HE [+ V A AV ✓ Z X T 94 ΩΘΙ *** 68.88The graph shows the demand curve for cars in 2017. Suppose that the least-possible cost of producing a car is $10,000 and that the efficient scale is 10,000 cars a month. Draw the average total cost curve for a car manufacturer in 2017. Label it. The graph shows that the market for cars is a natural oligopoly with O A. 1 firm OB. 2 firms OC. 3 firms OD. 4 firms 50,000- 40,000- 30,000- 20,000- 10,000- 0- Price (dollars per car) 0 D 30 Quantity (thousands of cars per month) >>> Draw only the objects specified in the question. 50 Q
- Think about firms such as the Coca Cola Company and PepsiCo who competeagainst each other in the monopolistically competitive market for soft drinks. Eachfirm produces a unique product, but each of these unique products is to some extenta substitute for the soft drinks produced by rival companies.Now imagine a situation where the firms within such a market are facing suchextreme competition that they are unable to make an operating profit. Characterisethis situation diagrammatically and explain what will happen to the market, payingparticular attention to the exit or entry of firms out of (or into) the market.5. To advertise or not to advertise Suppose that Fizzo and Pop Hop are the only two firms that sell orange soda. The following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn depending on whether or not it advertises: Рop Hop Advertise Doesn't Advertise Advertise 10, 10 18, 2 Fizzo Doesn't Advertise 2, 18 11, 11 For example, the upper right cell shows that if Fizzo advertises and Pop Hop doesn't advertise, Fizzo will make a profit of $18 million, and Pop Hop will make a profit of $2 million. Assume this is a simultaneous game and that Fizzo and Pop Hop are both profit-maximizing firms. If Fizzo decides to advertise, it will earn a profit of $ million if Pop Hop advertises and a profit of $ million if Pop Hop does not advertise. If Fizzo decides not to advertise, it will earn a profit of S million if Pop Hop advertises and a profit of $ million if Pop Hop does not advertise. If Pop Hop advertises, Fizzo makes a higher profit if it chooses If Pop Hop…. When Chinese automakers began exporting cars, rather thanfocusing on developed nations in the West, they shippedautos to emerging markets in countries such as Algeria, Russia,Chile, and South Africa. In these markets, even used vehiclesfrom multinational manufacturers are relatively scarce—andrelatively expensive. The Chinese automakers, who prioritizelow cost rather than design or even safety, applied a penetration-pricing strategy. A woman in Santiago, Chile, who boughta new Chery S21 explained, “The price factor is fairly decisive.I paid $5,500 new and full. Toyota with similar features costsaround $12,000.” Why do you think Chinese automakerschose that pricing strategy? Do you think it was successful?As Chinese regulators pressure these manufacturers to maketheir cars safer, do you think they will be able to keep theirprices low compared with those of the international automakers? Why or why not?26
- OA OB OC Alpha's Price Policy OD. High Low A с Beta's Price Policy High Low $20 $30 $20 $10 B D $10 The diagram above shows potential outcomes for two oligopolistic competitors. Beta's profits are shown in the upper right corner of each box and Alpha's profits in the lower left corner. If Alpha and Beta engage in collusion (and do not cheat), where will they end up? $15 $30 $152. The market for dark chocolate us characterized by Cournot duopolists - Honeydukes and Wonka industries. The market demand for dark chocolate is:P = 8 - 0.005Qdwhere P is the price per bar in dollars and Qd is dark chocolate's daily quantity demanded in bars (use qh to represent the quantity of dark chocolate sold by Honeydukes and qw to represent the quantity of dark chocolate sold by Wonka Industries). Honeydukes has a constant marginal cost of $2.50 per bar, while Wonka Industries has a constant marginal cost of $3.00 per bar. The firms move simultaneously in choosing their profit-maximizing quantity of output.a. Given the firms move simultaneously, what is the equation for Honeydukes' reaction function with qh expressed as a function of qw?b. Given the firms move simultaneously, what is the equation for Wonka's reaction function with qw expressed as a function of qh?c. What quantity of dark chocolate will each firm produce in equilibrium and what price will be established for a…PLEASE ANSWER ASAP How do you differentiate Oligopoly from a Monopoly? And how can an oligopoly market earns its profit?
- 4:21 lLTE Work 13. In the Nash equilibrium of a prisoner's dilemma: 14. Suppose Acme and Mega produce and sell identical products and face zero marginal and average cost. Below is the market demand curve for their product 4 3 2 D 0 0 50 200 100 150 Quantity Suppose Acme and Mega decide to collude and work together as a monopolist with each firm producing half the quantity demanded by the market at the monopoly price. If Mega cheats on the agreement by red ucing its price to $1 and Acme matches the price cut, then if consumers are evenly split between the two firms, Acme's economic profit will be Price ($/unit)Suppose that a particular industry has a four-firm concentration ratio of 45 and a Herfindahi index of LS40. Most ikety, this industry would ochieve Mutipie Chaice both productive efficiency and allocative etficency wllocative efficency but not productive effcency nether productive efficiency nor allocative efficiency productive efficiency but not allocative efficiencyQuestion Suppose Coca Cola and PepsiCo are producing a new, healthy version of Coke and Pepsi. They are trying to figure out how much of this new soda to produce. They know: (i) If they both produce 10,000 liters a day, they will make the maximum attainable joint economic profit of $200,000 a day, or $100,000 a day each. (ii) If either firm produces 20,000 liters a day while the other produces 10,000 a day, the one that produces 20,000 liters will make an economic profit of $150,000 and the other will incur an economic loss of $50,000. (iii) If both produce 20,000 liters a day, each firm will make zero economic profit. (a) Describe the payoff matrix for the game that Coca Cola and PepsiCo must play. (b) Find the Nash equilibrium of the game that Coca Cola and PepsiCo play.