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(c) Briefly outline Keynes' view of money and compare it with that of the quantity theory of money (or Monetarists’ view).
In an economy, different school of thoughts provides different approaches to tackle economic issues. Keynes’ view differs from Monetarists’ view on the basis of money.
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- (b) List one assumption of the quantity theory of money. Based on the simple quantity theory of money, what would be the impact on the economy of increasing the money supply by 5%?Suppose that an economy has a constant nominal money supply, a constant level of real output Y = 1500, and a constant real interest rate r = 0.05, and it’s expected rate of inflation is 2%, i.e, πe = .02. Suppose that the income elasticity of money demand is ηY = 0.5 and the interest elasticity of demand ηi = –0.2. (a) Suppose that Y decreases to 1425, r remains constant at 0.05 and there is no change in the expected rate of inflation. What is the percentage change in the equilibrium price level? (b) Suppose that r increases to 0.06 and Y remains at 1500. Assuming that expected inflation remains at πe = .02, what is the percentage change in the equilibrium price level? (c) Suppose that r increases to 0.06. Assuming that πe = .02, what would real output have to be for the equilibrium price level to remain at its initial value?Price stability: Suppose you are the head of the central bank and your mandateis to maintain the price level at a constant value. Explain what you would doto the money supply in response to each of the following events:(a) Real GDP increases by 4% during a boom.(b) Real GDP declines by 1% during a recession.(c) Real GDP is growing at 3% per year.(d) Te velocity of money increases by 2%.(e) Te velocity of money declines by 1%.
- 2) b) there are a number of objectives that the monetary policy intends to achieve however, not all objectives can be achieved simultaneously. Describe three cnflicts that are normally observed.(c) Briefly explain the quantity theory of money and how it is related to inflation.2. (a) Given the following data about the monetary sector of the economy: Md = 0.4Y - 80r Ms 1200 million Where, Ma is demand for money, Y is the level of income, r is the rate of interest and Ms is the supply of money. Derive the equation for LM curve and give the economic interpretation of this curve. Show the excess demand and excess supply in the money market. (b) Draw the graph and explain the derivation of LM curve.
- The central bank of Trinidad and Tobago decides to pursue an expansionary monetary policy. (i) Identify one possible action they could take. (ii) Carefully explain, in as much detail as possible, how the chosen action will impact the money market. (iii) Illustrate using a diagram to show the overall impact of the chosen action on the money market.not copy paste Q)What do you mean by monetary and fiscal policy? What are the similarities and differences between fiscal policy and monetary policy? What are the three goals of fiscal and monetary policy? Discuss what type of fiscal and monetary policy currently government of Pakistan adopted and why?Which one of the following statements regarding the demand for money is correct? (a) A positive relationship exists between the quantity of money demanded and the prevailing interest rate in an economy; (b) The demand for money is made up of the sum of all the money balances that participants in the economy would like to have; (c) For a given interest rate, an increase in nominal income increases the demand for money; (d) Two key factors that impact on the demand for money by individuals are savings and investments available to participants.
- Q-3. (B). Evaluate the policy options open to a government when the Government wants to close a deflationary gap (negative output gap) and reduce unemployment Q-3. (A). I deposited Rs. 3 million of my money in a Habib Bank Limited, State Bank of Pakistan: Required rate of reserve ratio (RRR): Weekly Average Demand Liability was set as 10.0 % in June 2020. You are required to calculate the change in the money supply in the economy. If RRR decreased to 5% in August 2020, what will happen with the same deposit of Rs. 3 million. You are also required to compare and discuss it in few lines. Q-2. (B). The labor force in Pakistan is 15,000,000 and the number of employed is 12,000,000. Calculate the number of unemployed and the unemployment rate. Also discuss it in few lines by comparing it with NRU (natural rate of unemployment 5%).Suppose the money demand function is = 1000 + 0.2Y - 1000 (r + πe). Required (a.) Calculate velocity if Y = 2000, r = 0.06, and πe = 0.04. (b.) If the money supply (Ms) is 2600, what is the price level? (c.) Now suppose the real interest rate rises to 0.11, but Y and Ms are unchanged. What happens to velocity and the price level? (d.) For part (c.), if the nominal interest rate were to rise from 0.10 to 0.15 over the course of a year, with Y remaining at 2000, what would the inflation rate be?1. Consider the overlapping generations model with fiat money. a) Carefully setting up the budget constraints, characterize the equilibrium of the money market and show how the rate of return on fiat money depends on the growth rate of the economy and the growth rate of the money supply. b) Contrast this equilibrium to the equilibrium the economy would have if there was no money. Explain why the introduction of money is a Pareto improvement. c) Use this model to show and discuss why inflation distorts consumers' intertemporal consumption choice. Focusing on the stationary monetary equilibrium, explain what rate of money growth maximises the welfare of future generations. Discuss what this implies for the rate of inflation when the economy experiences population growth.
